HOW TO GIVE PEOPLE GOOD ADVICE 1 page

But remember, to give good advice strategy is even more important than language. Here is some advice about when and how to give advice.

First of all, make sure that the person who is talking to you is actually soliciting advice. Listen carefully to the person asking for advice. Every situation is unique. Put yourself in their shoes (imagine it is you living their problem in their situation) Think about the consequences of taking your advice Empathize. The other person reaction will not be just rational, but also emotional. Brainstorm to get good ideas Be honest about the good and bad things of your advice Set a good example. If you don’t follow your own advice, nobody will listen to you. Understand that that person may or may not take your advice, it’s their choice.

Kinds of Sentences and Their Punctuation

A sentence may be one of four kinds, depending upon the number and type(s) of clauses it contains.

Review:

An independent clause contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought.

A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, but no complete thought.

1. A SIMPLE SENTENCE has one independent clause.

Punctuation note: NO commas separate two compound elements (subject, verb, direct object, indirect object, subjective complement, etc.) in a simple sentence.

2. A COMPOUND SENTENCEhas two independent clauses joined by

A. a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),

B. a conjunctive adverb (e.g. however, therefore), or

C. a semicolon alone.

Punctuation patterns (to match A, B, and C above):

A. Independent clause,coordinating conjunction independent clause.

B. Independent clause;conjunctive adverb,independent clause.

C. Independent clause; independent clause.

3. A COMPLEX SENTENCEhas one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun ) joined to an independent clause.

Punctuation patterns (to match A, B, C and D above):

A. Dependent clause, independent clause

B. Independent clause dependent clause

C. Independent, nonessential dependent clause, clause.

D. Independent essential dependent clause clause.

4. A COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined to one or more dependent clauses.

CONNECTORS--COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

Two independent clauses may be joined by

1. Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) Ic, and ic

!Note - Here me is the object.

We usually use said without an object.

For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.

If said is used with an object we must include to ;

For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.

!Note - We usually use told.

For example: Lynne told me (that) she'd never been to China.

There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.

These include:-

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.

For example:

He asked me to come to the party:-

Use of 'That' in reported speech

In reported speech, the word that is often used.

For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.

However, that is optional.

For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.

!Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.

For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.

The sneaky comma

I'm British, so I only tend to place the comma inside quotation marks when it's part of the sentence being quoted.

"I didn't notice that the comma was inside the quotation marks," Lynne said, "but Hekner did."

That said, I read so much American literature, that even I tuck them away sometimes.

Really, no one has set in stone what the rules of the English language are. It's a diverse language, and the rules that exist have arisen through usage, and they can change in exactly the same way, so maybe it doesn't matter, but it's best to be consistent.

Sentences are given in the direct speech. Change them into the indirect speech.

1. He said, “I have got a toothache”.

2. Manu said, “I am very busy now”.

3. “Hurry up,” she said to us.

4. “Give me a cup of water,” he told her.

5. She said, “I am going to college.”

6. She said to me, “Thank you”

7. Raju said, “Gautam must go tomorrow”.

8. Geetha says, “My father is an Engineer.”

9. He said, “I have passed the physical test.”

10. She said to me, “You are my only friend.”

11. ‘I love you,’ he told me.

12. ‘Where are you going?’ James asked Mary.

Ex. 1 Turn into reported speech.

1 “It’s hot” Tom said that

2 “I have done my homework.” Tom said that

3 “I will give you a book” Tom said that

4 “Do you smoke?”. Tom asked me if

5 “Where does Bob live?” Tom asked me where

6 “ Jane has not arrived yet” Tom told us that

7 "I’m very worried” Tom told us that

8 “I want to go away”. Tom told us that

9 “You should eat less.” The doctor told me that

10 “Don’t shout” The teacher told me

Ex 2 Turn into direct speech.

1 Mary said she was very tired. Mary said:""

2 The teacher told the boys to open their books. The teacher said to the boys: " "

3 Tom's mother told him not to eat any icecream. Tom's mother said to Tom: ""

4 My friend said that he was going skiing at the weekend. My friend said: " at the weekend."

5 Bob's mates told the teacher that Bob was ill that day. Bob's mates said: "Teacher, today"

6 Mary told Jane she would help her . Mary said to Jane:" "

7 I said I would have bought a new car if I had had the money. I said: ""

8 My father told me to look for a job if I wanted more money . My father said:" "

9 Tim wrote to his brother that their cat had died that day. Tim wrote to his brother: " "

10 The teacher informed the students that the break lasted ten minutes. The teacher said to the students:""

Ex. 3 Turn the following questions into reported speech.

1 "Where do you live?" Mary asked Tom .

2 "How are you going to travel to Italy?" Mary asked Tom .

3 "Why did you buy that book?" Mary asked Tom

4 "What's the time?" Mary asked Tom

5 "Who helped you with your work?" Mary asked Tom .

English Spelling!

I often apologise for the horrors of English spelling, along with my rather frequent apologies for English pronunciation it means I do a lot of apologising, but it's a fact: To speak English well, you need vocabulary, a nice accent, and good grammar. To write English well, you need vocabulary, grammar, an understanding of punctuation and good spelling.

As you learn English you might start to ask yourself, "Why is English spelling such a nightmare in the first place?" One reason is that English has adopted words from many other languages, sometimes we keep the spelling and sometimes we change it to suit us. In Olde Worlde England words were written as they sounded (phonetically) and so one word could often be spelt in many different ways, seemingly you only need to look at original Shakespeare manuscripts to see this chaos in action. Eventually spelling was standardised and set in stone in numerous dictionaries, but the chaos peeks through from time to time. As you learn English you will notice the pronunciation of a word often bears no resemblance to the way it is spelt, (sorry) usually you will find a historical reason for this.

The good news is that although many English words have irregular spellings there are some rules that can help you. Watch out though, for every rule there are always some exceptions (sorry)!

English has over 1,100 different ways to spell its 44 separate sounds, more than any other language, think of it as a game rather than a chore.

How to Improve Your Spelling

1. Keep a notebook of words you find difficult to spell. Underline the part of the word that you find most difficult.
2. Use a dictionary, not a spell-checker! OK use a spell-checker, but don't rely on it. Spell-checkers don't check for meaning, the most common misspelt words I have seen on the net are there and their.
3. Learn words with their possible prefixes and suffixes.
4. Learn the rules, but don't rely on them. As I mentioned earlier for every rule there is at least one exception. For example:-
   
   
   
   
   
   

Silent Letters

There are lots of silent letters in English. Yes, we stick letters in a word and then we don't pronounce them (sorry).

Prefixes and Suffixes

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1956