![]() CATEGORIES: BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism |
Used to (finished actions)11. Get/be used to (changing situations) Will do (future) Going to (planned future) Had done (past perfect) 15. a/some (articles, quantities) 16. Some/any (quantities) 17. Much/many/a lot (quantities) 18. Can/could (ability/permission) 19. Must/have to (obligation/prohibition) 20. Big/small/beautiful (adjectives) 21. Big/bigger/biggest (comparatives and superlatives) Should (advice, recommendations) 23. I/me/my/mine (pronouns, possessive adjectives) 24. What/when/where (questions 1) 25. How much/many (questions 2) 26. On/it/at (time prepositions) 27. What would you do? (conditionals)
I am (I’m)
I’m John I’m American
I’m thirty-five
I’m a salesman
I’m interested in politics
I’m single
Thisis John. He’s American, he’s thirty-five, he’s a salesman.
Positive I am (I’m) You are (you’re) He is (he’s) She is (she’s) We are (we’re) They are (they’re) Negative I am not (I’m not) You are not (you’re not) He is not (he’s not) She is not (she’s not) We are not (we’re not) They are not (they’re Not)
To make questions, change the verb and the subject:
Positive Question He is French Is he French?
You are late Are you late?
They are nurses Are they nurses?
Am/is/are are the present forms of the verb to be. We call this verb a ‘state verb’.
State
Age: I am thirty Nationality: I am French Status: I am single/married/divorced Profession: I am a teacher/secretary/manager Physical state: I am tired/hungry/cold Emotional state: I am happy/sad/excited
Tip Make a mind map about your life, using ‘I am’.
We’re hungry !
I am doing
He is reading a book They are running The sun is shining
The verb ‘to be’ can be used as an auxiliary verb before other verbs. The verb that follows always has the ending ‘- ing’.
‘to be’ represents a present state, so when it’s followed by a verb (-ing) it refers toa present activity.
I’m a teacher, but I’m not teaching now, I’m preparing a lesson
Susan is wearing a pretty dress today
Take an umbrella, it’s raining
Note the following spelling changes:
write à writing run à running
come à coming swim à swimming
dance à dancing sit à sitting
lie à lying
Negative
Place ‘not’ after the auxiliary:
I’m not sleeping
They’re not working -or - they aren’t working
She’s not reading -or - she isn’t reading
Questions
Change the order of words:
Are you sleeping?
Is he playing?
I like/do/go
The Present Simple
Positive
I like You like He likes She likes We like They like Negative
I don’t like You don’t like He doesn’t like She doesn’t like We don’t like They don’t like
The present simple is used for things in general, and things that happen sometimes or always:
The sun rises in the east
I work from nine till five
I like chocolate
I go to the cinema on Saturdays
To indicate frequency, we use these adverbs:
always usually often sometimes never
100% 0%
I usually have coffee with my breakfast, but sometimes I have tea
I never watch American movies
I often buy a newspaper on my way to work
Present simple spelling
Note the following spelling changes:
I watch à she watches I kiss à he kisses I wash à she washes I judges à he judges
I study à she studies I try à he tries
I do à she does I go à he goes
We use the verb ‘do’ as an auxiliary when we ask questions:
Do you read a lot?
Do they live here?
Does she like her job?
Do you always arrive early?
What do you usually do in your free time?
have/have got
She has blue eyes and black hair
=
She’s got blue eyes and black hair (has got)
For possession, have and have got arethe same
I’ve got a cold and a high temperature
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1262
|