E) Fast Foods and Convenience Foods

Fast foods and convenience foods are major parts of many people's diets. Convenience foods, such as TV dinners and cake mixes, are those prepared at home from foods already cooked or otherwise processed before reaching the retail store. Fast foods are prepared in quick-order restaurants. A meal consisting of a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomato, and onion, french fries, and a milk shake, though high in fat and sodium, does include foods from each of the groups in the food guide pyramid. So does a taco with its cereal shell, ground beef, shredded cheese, lettuce, olives, and tomato.

Malnutrition.Malnutrition is the imbalance between the body's demand for nutrients and the available supply of nutrients. Malnutrition can result from an unsatisfactory diet or from a disorder that interferes with the body's use of food.

Obesity, or the state of being excessively fat, is a form of malnutrition that contributes to many health problems. It may be defined as body weight more than 20 percent above a person's ideal weight.

Anorexianervosa is a condition characterized by extreme weight loss. Nervosa means “of the nerves,” or neurotic. This life-threatening disease usually occurs in young women. It requires professional treatment.

Protein-calorie malnutrition is common among children in unindustrialized nations. A lack of protein results in failure of the body to grow and often damages digestive organs. A severe calorie deficiency results from starvation.

Mineral and vitamin deficiencies are responsible for various disorders. Insufficient iron can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iodine can cause goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Vitamin A deficiency causes loss of vision in dim light. Vitamin D deficiency leads to a faulty deposit of calcium in bones and teeth, resulting in rachitis. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy. It causes infected and bleeding gums and painful joints.

Vitamin B₁ deficiency, or beriberi, damages the nerves, heart, and circulation. Whole-grain flour and enriched flour that is processed in the United States contain vitamin B₁.

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes blood disorders and affects the nervous system. It rarely results from an inappropriate diet but rather from a defect of absorption in the digestive tract.

4e) Give Russian equivalents to the words and expressions in bold.

4f) Answer the questions:

1. What is the difference, if there is any, between a diet and nutrition?

2. How are dietary habits formed?

3. Why do we need calories?

4. What causes weight gain?

5. What kind of diets are fads?

6. Are you aware of your body’s nutritional needs?

7. What substances are responsible for the following?

a. help eliminate wastes

b. take an active part in many chemical reactions and is needed to carry other nutrients

c. help to maintain healthy skin and a well-functioning nervous system

d. are the main source of the body's energy

e. are necessary for growth and tissue repair

f. are needed for strong bones, good vision, and healthy skin

g. help calcium and phosphorus to form straight, strong bones and teeth

h. build bones and teeth, and it is necessary for blood clotting

i. help the blood carry oxygen from the lungs to each body cells

j. make up part of all body cells

k. cushion vital organs

l. make certain vitamins available for use in the body

8. Convenience foods are said to “to be part of many people’s diets”. Does it mean that these diets are healthy? Explain why.

9. What does malnutrition result from?

10. What forms may malnutrition take?

Ex. 5a) Complete the chart below by adding the words in the list:

apple

aubergine

bacon

basil

beans

beef

cabbage

cauliflower

chicken

chives

chop

coconut

cod

courgette

cucumber

fig

grape

joint

lamb

lentils

lettuce

liver

lobster

mackerel

mango

mince meat

mussel

mutton

nectarine

octopus

oregano

parsley

peas

plaice

plum

pork

prawn

rosemary

salami

salmon

sardine

satsuma

sausage

shrimp

salmon

spinach

squid

strawberry

thyme

trout

watermelon

Which of these products are in you diet?

How can you describe a balanced diet? What kind of products form its basis?

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 953