Classification of the economic goods

The whole world of the useful things created by people and services can be sectioned into two cls, having miscellaneous bases. They, in turn, are decomposed on separate types. The maiden cl will be organised depending on patterns of ownership. It includes three types.

One type - products of individual consumption (consumer goods and factor of productions). They have following social and economic signs:

Such products are divisible, that is exist in the form of rather small unities which one are accessible to separate buyers;

These things are subject to so-called "exclusion principle":

The person which one not in condition to pay for the blessing at the market price leaves their customers;

The owner of a thing is only the one who wishes and to pay in a condition for it; such products are made by holders of the private and common share property.

Other type - state or the public benefits. These useful things, in essence, are not products: they form not for market sale to customers. These blessings have such bars:

The useful things are indivisible, as consist of so large unities which one cannot be given separate persons;

"Exclusion principle" (that is it is impossible to discharge people of usage of advantages of the yielded yields and services) is not spread to the material and non-material blessings;

Similar things and services form in public sector.

Classic example of the public benefits is the riser angle beacon orienting which one cues ocean vessels can use all without exclusion. Here it is possible to refer public security, national defence, automobile trunks and many other things.

The third type of the maiden cl - quasipublic or quasistate (an armour. quasi - ostensibly) the blessings and services. To them "exclusion principle" can be applied.

To this type concern: libraries, museums; prophylactic medical attendance; fire prevention, police, etc. For the yielded blessings and services can be set prices, and private proprietors (or holders of the common share property) can ensure with them customers for value. However such proprietors do not incur all production volume of such blessings. This task is fulfilled by the state not to admit a deficiency of socially useful things and services.

The second class of the blessings consists of things which one differ depending on character of requirements satisfaction. They are divided into such types.

One of them - interchangeable products. If purchasing of one of them sale of another drops grows. Examples can minister, we will suppose, pairs of yields: butter and margarine, tea and coffee.

Following type - взаимодополняемые the blessings. They accompany each other and the need for them is simultaneously enlarged or at the same time impinges. It, say, a motor vehicle and benzine, the computer and diskettes.

The third type - independent products. Needs for these things are not connected in any way (for example, bananas and a fish, knitted items and a watch).

As we see, the modern classification of the made blessings mirrors new realities of last third XX century: multistructure macroeconomic and the attained diversification of the made economic goods.

From stands of a so highly developed commodity farm we now will consider that represents product value.

§ 3. THEORIES OF VALUE (WORTH)

Learning of value of a product is strongly impeded on following condition. Value cannot be discovered directly on a surface of economic life as it expresses internal economical ratios invisible to an eye.

In this connection still A.Smith has parted economical system on two types of ratios: exogenous and endogenous (termed so on the modern nomenclature).

Exogenous (гр. ехо - out of and genos - a parentage) - economic connections which one are modified because of the parents of exterior character. For example, exchange value of products (a ratio from a market swap) can change depending on an amount hauled to a commodity market, from a season and other requirements watched by all.

Endogenous (from гр. endon - inside and genos - a parentage) - economic relations which one unstrand under the influence of internal factors. Value concerns to their number.

Economists-theorists have created two opposite concepts of value (worth).

Date: 2014-12-28; view: 853