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ELECTROSTATICS ELECTRICAL UNITSThe following are the principal terms for morphological studies. Study the terms and do the following tasks. Task 1. Revision of the material previously studied. Match the terms with definitions Classification of morphemes
Task 2. a) Study the definitions of the terms affixation - a morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root or stem blending (telescoping) - a process of merging parts of words into one word. clipping - a word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts compounding - a process by which new words are formed from two or more independent words e.g. "girlfriend," "air-conditioner," "life-insurance salesman" conversion - a process that assigns an already existing word to a new word class or syntactic category lexicon - mental list of the words in a language, including information about their meaning, grammatical function, pronunciation, and other properties that a speaker must know in order to use a word properly. morphology - the study of word structure or word formation Task 3. Word formation processes: Ways of creating new words in English a) Fill in the gaps with the terms for formation processes given below 1.________: adding a derivational suffix to a word. 2. ________: joining two or more words into one new word. 3. ________: (also called ________ or ________): Adding no affixes; simply using a word of one category as a word of another category. 4. ________: no affix is added to the base, but the stress is shifted from one syllable to the other. With the stress shift comes a change in category. 5. ________: shortening of a polysyllabic word. 6. ________ : forming words from the initials of a group of words that designate one concept. Usually, but not always, capitalized. It is pronounced as a word if the consonants and vowels line up in such a way as to make this possible, otherwise it is pronounced as a string of letter names. 7. ________: Parts (which are not morphemes!) of two already-existing words are put together to form a new word 8. ________: A suffix identifiable from other words is cut off of a base which has previously not been a word; that base then is used as a root, and becomes a word through widespread use. This differs from clipping in that, in clipping, some phonological part of the word which is not interpretable as an affix or word is cut off. Here the bit chopped off is a recognizable affix or word. ________ is the result of a false but plausible morphological analysis of the word; clipping is a strictly phonological process that is used to make the word shorter. Clipping is based on syllable structure, not morphological analysis. It is impossible for you to recognize ________ words or come up with examples from your own knowledge of English, unless you already know the history of the word. 9. ________: a brand name becomes the name for the item or process associated with the brand name. The word ceases to be capitalized and acts as a normal verb/noun (i.e. takes inflections such as plural or past tense). The companies using the names usually have copyrighted them and object to their use in public documents, so they should be avoided in formal writing (or a lawsuit could follow!) 10. ________ : words are invented which (to native speakers at least) sound like the sound they name or the entity which produces the sound. 11. ________: a word is taken from another language. It may be adapted to the ________ language's phonological system to varying degrees. a) acronym formation b) suffixation c) backformation d) backformed e) blending f) borrowing g) clipping h) compounding i) conversion j) folk etymology k) functional shift l) onomatopoeia (pronounced: [͵ɔnʊəmætə'pı:ə]) m) stress shift n) trademarks used generically o) zero derivation b) Match the examples with the formation processes described above
Task 4. a) Study the definitions of the terms
agglutination – a grammatical process in which words are composed of a sequence of morphemes (meaningful word elements), each of which represents not more than a single grammatical category //http://www.britannica.com alternations - a morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions e.g. goose -> geese, ring -> rang -> rung, teeth -> teethe circumfixation – a morphological process characterized by simultaneous suffixing and affixing incorporation - a morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language infixation – a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or stem inflection - the creation of different grammatical forms of words reduplication - a morphological process of forming new words either by doubling an entire free (total reduplication) morpheme, or part of it (partial reduplication) suffixation - a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme is attached to the end of a stem suppletion - a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. e.g. is -> was, go -> went; good -> better -> best inner inflection – a morphological process when different forms of the word share only consonants and alternating vowels represent a grammatical category
b) Study examples from different languages and match them with morphological processes from 4 (a).
(1) Turkish Avrupa-li-laş-tir-il-a-mi-yacak-lar-dan-sin-iz. Europe-an-ize-CAUSE-PASSIVE-POTENTIAL-NEG-FUT.PART PL-ABL-2ND-PL You (all) are among those who will not be able to be caused to become like Europeans.'
(2) Chichewa (the national language of Malawi) Mkángo s-u-na-ka-ngo-wa-phwanya maûngu. lion NEG-3SUBJ-PAST-go-just-6OBJ-smash pumpkins The lion did not just go smash them, the pumpkins.'
(3) Tagalog (the national language of the Philippines)
(4) German ge-kann-t 'known' ge-läute-t 'rung' ge-schüttel-t 'shaken' ge-zeig-t 'shown' (5) Arabic katab 'to write' kataba 'he wrote' kutib 'has been written' aktub 'be writing' (6) Tagalog (the national language of the Philippines) ROOT FUTURE tawag 'call' ta-tawag 'will call' takbo 'run' ta-takbo 'will run' bisita 'visit' bi-bisita 'will visit' bili 'buy' bi-bili 'will buy'
(7) English fall fell slide slid strike struck take took give gave swear swore ride rode (8) Somali
ELECTROSTATICS ELECTRICAL UNITS
Subtechnical vocabulary
ampere (noun) a unit for measuring electric current An electrician should use 3 ampere fuse. ohm (noun) the standard unit of electrical resistance Ohm allows one ampere to flow under pressure of one volt. velocity (noun) the speed at which something moves in a particular direction Scientists study the velocity of light. volt (noun) a unit for measuring of electric current force Electric current force is measured in volts. dimension (noun) a measurement in space, for example ,length, height, etc. A diagram represents things only in two dimensions- in length and in width. mercury (noun) a heavy silver white metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures Mercury is always used in thermometers. provide (verb) to produce a useful result The hotel provides a shoe cleaning service for guests. melt (verb) if something solid becomes soft or liquid under heating Many metals and alloys melt under high temperature. permeability (noun) an ability of something to enter something, to spread through every part of something Toxic chemicals may permeate the soil, threatening the environment. centimeter (noun) a unit for measuring length There are 100 centimeters in one meter. gram (noun) the basic unit for measuring weight in the metric system 1 ounce is equal to about 29 grams. meter (noun) the basic unit for measuring length in the metric system 1 meter is equal to 37 inches. (inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters) kilogram (noun) a unit for measuring weight in 1000 grams The permitted weight of this load is 1.000 kg. second (noun) a unit for measuring time that is equal to 1/60 of a minute Hold your breath for 20 seconds.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES.
A. Complete the following sentences with words from the list.
volt second ohm ampere dimension mercury centimeter velocity kilogram
B. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1. George Simon Ohm was German physicist who determined the Ohm’s law in 1826 and created many works on acoustics and crystal optics. 2. Ohm is a unit of electric resistance, the resistance of a conductor between ends of which under the power of current in 1 A, voltage in 1 V occurs.
the law of their interaction (Ampere’s law). 13. Ampere created the first theory of magnetism.
C. Form words in the column B and match them with their definitions in the column A.
A B watt yrgene volt eprema current resuresp energy tinu ampere ytictricele second urrcnet electricity tawt unit tovl pressure denocs
D. Study the ways of mathematical expressions reading. Arithmetic + plus 12+13=25 Twelve plus thirteen equals twenty five - minus 71-24=47 Seventy one minus twenty four equals forty = equal seven > is greater than 8x 6=48 Six times (multiplied by) eight is forty eight < is less than 90:9=10 Ninety divided by nine is ten : divided by · multiplied
addend - ñëàãàåìîå, sum - ñóììà, multiplicand - ìíîæèìîå, multiplier( factor) – ìíîæèòåëü, product - ïðîèçâåäåíèå, minuend - óìåíüøàåìîå,subtrahend - âû÷èòàåìîå, remainder-ocòàòîê, difference - ðàçíîñòü, dividend - äåëèìîå, divisor – äåëèòåëü.
Fractions ( Äðîáè) Decimal fractions (äåñÿòè÷íûå äðîáè) 1 0.4. nought point four 2 a half (one second) 0.07 nought point nought seven 1.15 one point one five 3 65.247 sixty five point two hundred forty seven 7 three seventh
Power (ñòåïåíü) In the second power In the third power 107 – ten to the seventh power 10-7 - ten to the minus seventh power
E. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the above mentioned mathematical expressions.
F. Read and translate the texts.
PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL UNITS
The three practical units: ohm, ampere and volt provide standards for comparison. They are defined as follows: The ohm is the first primary unit, and the international ohm is defined as the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice,14.4521 gram. The ampere is the second primary unit .The international ampere is the unvarying electric current which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water, in accordance with a specification, deposits silver at the rate of 0.00111800 gm. per second. The volt is the third primary unit and is the electric pressure which, when applied steadily to a conductor whose resistance is one ohm, will produce current of one ampere. The watt is the energy expended per second, it is when 1 ampere under electric pressure of 1 volt.
Date: 2014-12-28; view: 1586
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