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UNIT 84. Some and anyA. In general we use some (also somebody/someone/something) in positive sentences and any (also anybody etc.) in negative sentences (but see also Sections C and D): #1 some * We bought some flowers. * He's busy. He's got some work to do. * There's somebody at the door. * I'm hungry. I want something to eat. #2 any * We didn't buy any flowers. * He's lazy. He never does any work. * There isn't anybody at the door. * I'm not hungry. I don't want anything to eat. We use any in the following sentences because the meaning is negative: * She went out without any money. (She didn't take any money with her.) * He refused to eat anything. (He didn't eat anything.) * Hardly anybody passed the examination. (= almost nobody passed) B. In most questions we use any: * 'Have you got any luggage?' 'No, I haven't.' * 'Has anybody seen my bag?' 'Yes, it's under the table.' But we use some in questions when we expect the answer 'yes': * What's wrong? Have you got something in your eye? (It seems that you have got something in your eye and I expect you to answer 'yes'.) We use some in questions when we offer or ask for things: * Would you like something to eat? * Can I have some sugar, please? C. We often use any after if: * If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address? * If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them. * Let me know if you need anything. The following sentences have the idea of if: * I'm sorry for any trouble I've caused. (= if I have caused any trouble) * Anyone who wants to do the exam must give me their names today. (= if there is anyone) D. We also use any with the meaning 'it doesn't matter which': * You can catch any bus. They all go to the centre. (= it doesn't matter which bus you catch) * 'Sing a song.' 'Which song shall I sing?' 'Any song. I don't mind.' (= it doesn't matter which song) * Come and see me any time you want. * 'Let's go out somewhere.' 'Where shall we go?' 'Anywhere. I don't mind.' * We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in. Compare something and anything: * A: I'm hungry. I want something to eat. B: What would you like? A: I don't mind. Anything. (= something, but it doesn't matter what) E. Somebody/someone/anybody/anyone are singular words: * Someone is here to see you. But we often use they/them/their after these words: * Someone has forgotten their umbrella. (= his or her umbrella) * If anybody wants to leave early, they can. (= he or she can)
EXERCISES 84.1 Complete the sentences with some or any. 1. We didn't buy _any_ flowers. 2. This evening I'm going out with --- friends of mine. 3. 'Have you seen --- good films recently?' 'No, I haven't been to the cinema for ages.' 4. I didn't have --- money, so I had to borrow ---. 5. Can I have --- milk in my coffee, please? 6. I was too tired to do --- work. 7. You can cash these traveller's cheques at --- bank. 8. Can you give me --- information about places of interest in the town? 9. With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on --- train you like. 10. If there are --- words you don't understand, use a dictionary. 84.2 Complete the sentences with some- or any- + -body/-thing/-where. 1. I was too surprised to say _anything._ 2. There's --- at the door. Can you go and see who it is? 3. Does --- mind if I open the window? 4. I wasn't feeling hungry, so I didn't eat ---. 5. You must be hungry. Would you like --- to eat? 6. Quick, let's go! There's --- coming and I don't want --- to see us. 7. Sally was upset about --- and refused to talk to ---. 8. This machine is very easy to use --- can learn to use it in a very short time. 9. There was hardly --- on the beach. It was almost deserted. 10. 'Do you live --- near Jim?' 'No, he lives in another part of town.' 11. We slept in a park because we didn't have --- to stay. 12. 'Where shall we go on holiday?' 'Let's go --- warm and sunny.' 13. They stay at home all the time. They never seem to go ---. 14. I'm going out now. If --- phones while I'm out, can you tell them I'll be back at 11.30? 15. Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost ---? 16. --- who saw the accident should contact the police. 17. Sue is very secretive. She never tells --- (2 words) 84.3 Complete the sentences. Use any (+ noun) or anybody/anything/anywhere. 1. Which bus do I have to catch? Any bus. They all go to the centre. 2. Which day shall I come? I don't mind. ---. 3. What do you want to eat? ---. I don't mind. Whatever you have. 4. Where shall I sit? It's up to you. You can sit ---you like. 5. What sort of job are you looking for? ---. It doesn't matter. 6. What time shall I phone tomorrow? ---. I'll be in all day. 7. Who shall I invite to the party? I don't mind. --- you like. 8. Which newspaper shall I buy? ---. Whatever they have in the shop.
UNIT 85. No/none/any A. No none nothing nobody/no one nowhere You can use these negative words at the beginning of a sentence or alone: * No cars are allowed in the city centre. * None of this money is mine. * 'What did you say?' 'Nothing.' * Nobody (or No one) came to visit me while I was in hospital. * 'Where are you going?' 'Nowhere. I'm staying here.' You can also use these words after a verb, especially after be and have: * The house is empty. There's nobody living there. * She had no difficulty finding a job. No/nothing/nobody etc. = not + any/anything/anybody etc.: * We haven't got any money. (= We've got no money.) * I didn't say anything. (= I said nothing.) * She didn't tell anybody about her plans. (= She told nobody...) * The station isn't anywhere near here. (= ... is nowhere near here) When you use no/nothing/nobody etc., do not use a negative verb (isn't, didn't, can't etc.): * I said nothing. (not 'I didn't say nothing') * Nobody tells me anything. (not 'Nobody doesn't tell ...') B. We also use any/anything/anybody etc. (without 'not') to mean 'it doesn't matter which/ hat/who' (see Unit 84D). Compare no- and any-: * 'What do you want to eat?' 'Nothing. I'm not hungry.' I'm so hungry. I could eat anything. (= it doesn't matter what) * The exam was extremely difficult. Nobody passed. (= everybody failed) The exam was very easy. Anybody could have passed. (= it doesn't matter who) C. No and none We use no + a noun. No = not a or not any: * We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= there wasn't a bus) * I can't talk to you now. I've got no time. (= I haven't got any time) * There were no shops open. (= there weren't any shops open) We use none alone (without a noun): * 'How much money have you got?' 'None.' (= no money) * All the tickets have been sold. There are none left. (= no tickets left) Or we use none of ...: none of these shops none of my money none of it/them/us/you After none of + a plural word ('none of the shops', 'none of them' etc.) you can use a singular or a plural verb. A plural verb is more usual: * None of the shops were (or was) open. D. After nobody/no one you can use they/them/their: * Nobody phoned, did they? (= did he or she) * The party was a disaster. Nobody enjoyed themselves. (= himself or herself) * No one in the class did their homework. (= his or her homework)
EXERCISES 85.1 Answer these questions using none/nobody/nothing/nowhere. 1. What did you do? _Nothing._ 2. Who were you talking to? --- 3. Where are you going? --- 4. How much luggage have you got? --- 5. How many children have they got? --- 6. Who did you meet? --- 7. What did you buy? --- Now write full sentences using any/anybody/anything/anywhere. 8 (1) _I didn't do anything._ 9. (2) I --- 10. (3) --- 11. (4) --- 12. (5) --- 13. (6) --- 14. (7) --- 85.2 Complete these sentences with no, none or any. 1. It was a public holiday, so there were _no_ shops open. 2. I haven't got _any_ money. Can you lend me some? 3. I couldn't make an omelette because there were --- eggs. 4. I couldn't make an omelette because there weren't --- eggs. 5. 'How many eggs have we got? --- I'll go and buy some from the shop if you like.' 6. We took a few photographs but --- of them were very good. 7. What a stupid thing to do! --- intelligent person would do such a thing. 8. I'll try and answer --- questions you ask me. 9. I couldn't answer --- of the questions they asked me. 10. We cancelled the party because --- of the people we invited were able to come. 85.3 Complete these sentences with no- or any- + -body/-thing/-where. 1. I don't want _anything_ to drink. I'm not thirsty. 2. The bus was completely empty. There was --- on it. 3. 'Where did you go for your holidays? --- I stayed at home.' 4. I went to the shops but I didn't buy ---. 5. 'What did you buy? '---. couldn't find --- I wanted.' 6. The town was still the same when I returned years later --- had changed. 7. Have you seen my watch? I've looked all over the house but I can't find it ---. 8. There was complete silence in the room. --- said ---. 85.4 Choose the right word. 1. She didn't tell _nobody/anybody_ about her plans. (anybody is correct) 2. The accident looked serious but fortunately _nobody/anybody_ was injured. 3. I looked out of the window but I couldn't see _nobody/anybody._ 4. My job is very easy. _Nobody/Anybody_ could do it. 5. 'What's in that box?' _'Nothing/Anything._ It's empty.' 6. The situation is uncertain. _Nothing/Anything_ could happen. 7. I don't know _nothing/anything_ about economics.
Date: 2015-02-03; view: 4903
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