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UNIT 82. Myself/yourself/themselves etc.A. Study this example: George cut himself when he was shaving this morning. We use myself/yourself/himself etc. (reflexive pronouns) when the subject and object are the same: subject -> (George) cut (himself). <- object The reflexive pronouns are: singular: myself yourself (one person) himself/herself/itself plural: ourselves yourselves (more than one person) themselves * I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself. (not 'I'll pay for me') * Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself very much. * Do you sometimes talk to yourself? (said to one person) * If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (said to more than one person) Compare: * It's not our fault. You can't blame us. * It's our own fault. We blame ourselves. Note that we do not use myself/yourself etc. after 'bring/take something with ...': * It might rain. I'll take an umbrella with me. (not 'with myself') B. We do not use myself etc. after concentrate/feel/relax/meet: * You must try and concentrate. (not 'concentrate yourself') * 'Do you feel nervous?' 'Yes, I can't relax.' * What time shall we meet? (not 'meet ourselves', not 'meet us') We normally use wash/shave/dress without myself etc.: * He got up, washed, shaved and dressed. (not 'washed himself' etc.) But we say 'I dried myself'. C. Study the difference between -selves and each other: * Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (= Tom and Ann looked at Tom and Ann) but * Tom looked at Ann; Ann looked at Tom. They looked at each other. You can use one another instead of each other: * How long have you and Bill known one another? (or ... known each other) * Sue and Ann don't like each other. (or ... don't like one another) D. We also use myself/yourself etc. in another way. For example: * 'Who repaired your bicycle for you?' 'Nobody. I repaired it myself.' 'I repaired it myself' = I repaired it, not anybody else. Here, myself is used to emphasize I (=it makes it stronger). Some more examples: * I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself. (= you, not me) * Let's paint the house ourselves. It will be much cheaper. * The film itself wasn't very good but I liked the music. * I don't think Sue will get the job. Sue herself doesn't think she'll get it. (or Sue doesn't think she'll get it herself.)
EXERCISES 82.1 Complete each sentence using myself/yourself etc. with one of these verbs (in the correct form): blame burn cut enjoy express hurt put 1. George _cut himself_ while he was shaving this morning. 2. Bill fell down some steps but fortunately he didn't --- badly. 3. It isn't her fault. She really shouldn't ---. 4. Please try and understand how I feel --- in my position. 5. They had a great time. They really ---. 6. Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don't ---. 7. Sometimes I can't say exactly what I mean. I wish I could --- better. 82.2 Put in myself/yourself/ourselves etc. or me/you/us etc. 1. Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself. 2. It's not my fault. You can't blame ---. 3. What I did was very wrong. I'm ashamed of ---. 4. We've got a problem. I hope you can help ---. 5. 'Can I take another biscuit?' 'Of course. Help ---!' 6. Take some money with --- in case you need it. 7. Don't worry about Tom and me. We can look after ---. 8. I gave them a key to our house so that they could let --- in. 9. When they come to visit us, they always bring their dog with ---. 82.3 Complete these sentences. Use myself/yourself etc. only where necessary, Use one of these verbs (in the correct form): concentrate defend dry feel meet relax shave wash 1. Martin decided to grow a beard because he was fed up with _shaving._ 2. I wasn't very well yesterday but I --- much better today. 3. She climbed out of the swimming pool and --- with a towel. 4, I tried to study but I just couldn't ---. 5. If somebody attacks you, you need to be able to ---. 6. I'm going out with Chris this evening. We're --- at the station at 7.30. 7. You're always rushing around. Why don't you sit down and ---? 8. There was no water, so we couldn't ---. 82.4 Complete the sentences with -selves or each other. 1. How long have you and Bill known _each other?_ 2. If people work too hard, they can make ---ill. 3. I need you and you need me. We need ---. 4. In Britain friends often give --- presents at Christmas. 5. Some people are very selfish. They only think of ---. 6. Nora and I don't see --- very often these days. 7. We couldn't get back into the house. We had locked --- out. 8. They've had an argument. They're not speaking to --- at the moment. 9. We'd never met before, so we introduced --- to ---. 82.5 Complete the answers to the questions using myself/yourself/itself etc. 1. Who repaired the bicycle for you? Nobody. I repaired it myself. 2. Did Brian have his hair cut by a hairdresser? No, he cut ---. 3. Do you want me to post that letter for you? No, I'll ---. 4. Who told you that Linda was getting married? Linda ---. 5. Can you phone John for me? Why can't you ---?
UNIT 83. There ... and it ... A. There and it' We use there ... when we talk about something for the first time, to say that it exists: * There's a new restaurant in King Street. (not 'A new restaurant is in King Street') * The journey took a long time. There was a lot of traffic. (not 'It was a lot of traffic') * * Things are much more expensive now. There has been a big rise in the cost of living. It = a particular thing, place, fact, situation etc. (but see also Section C: * We went to the new restaurant. It's very good. (it = the restaurant) * 'Was the traffic bad?' 'Yes, it was terrible.' (it = the traffic) * I wasn't expecting them to come. It (= that they came) was a complete surprise. Compare: * I don't like this town. There's nothing to do here. It's a boring place. Note that there also means 'to/at/in that place': * The new restaurant is very good. I went there (= to the restaurant) last night. * When we arrived at the party, there were already a lot of people there (= at the party). B. You can say there will be, there must be, there used to be etc. * Will there be many people at the party? * 'Is there a flight to Paris this evening?' 'There might be. I'll phone the airport.' * If people drove more carefully, there wouldn't be so many accidents. Also: there must have been, there should have been etc.: * There was a light on. There must have been somebody at home. Compare there and it: * They live on a busy road. There must be a lot of noise from the traffic. They live on a busy main road. It must be very noisy. * There used to be a cinema in King Street but it closed a few years ago. That building is now a supermarket. It used to be a cinema. You can also say there is sure/certain/likely to be something (see also Unit 64E): * There is sure to be a flight to Paris this evening. C. We use it in sentences like this: * It's dangerous to walk in the road. (It = to walk in the road) It is unusual to say 'To walk in the road is dangerous.' Normally we begin with It... * It didn't take us long to get here. (it = to get here) * It's a pity (that) Sandra can't come to the party. (It = that Sandra can't come) * Let's go. It's not worth waiting any longer. (It = waiting any longer) We use it to talk about distance, time and weather: * It's a long way from here to the airport. * How far is it to the airport? * What day is it today? * It's a long time since I last saw you. * It's going to be a nice day. * It was windy. (but 'There was a cold wind.')
EXERCISES 83.1 Put in there is/was or it is/was. Some sentences are questions (is there ...?/is it ...? etc.) and some are negative (isn't/wasn't). 1. The journey took a long time. _There was_ a lot of traffic. 2. What's the new restaurant like? is _it_ good? 3. '--- a bookshop near here?' 'Yes, --- one in Hill Street.' 4. When we got to the cinema --- a queue outside ---a very long queue, so we decided not to wait. 5. I couldn't see anything --- completely dark. 6. --- trouble at the club last night. They had to call the police. 7. How far --- from Milan to Rome? 8. --- Keith's birthday yesterday. We had a party. 9. --- three years since I last went to the theatre. 10. I wanted to visit the museum but --- enough time. 11. '--- time to go?' 'Yes, --- nearly midnight.' 12. A few days ago --- a storm. --- a lot of damage. 13. --- a beautiful day yesterday. We had a picnic. 14. --- anything on television, so I turned it off. 15. --- an accident in King Street but --- very serious. 83.2 Read the first sentence and then write a sentence beginning There... 1. The roads were busy today. _There was a lot of traffic._ 2. This soup is very salty. There --- in the soup. 3. The box was empty. --- in the box. 4. The film was very violent. --- 5.The shops were very crowded. --- 6. I like this town - it's lively. --- 83.3 Complete the sentences. Use there will be, there would be etc. Choose from: will might would wouldn't should used to (be) going to 1. If people drove more carefully, there would be fewer accidents. 2. 'Have we got any eggs?' 'I'm not sure --- some in the fridge.' 3. I think everything will be OK. I don't think --- any problems. 4. Look at the sky --- a storm. 5. 'Is there a school in the village?' 'Not now --- one but it closed.' 6. People drive too fast on this road. I think --- a speed limit. 7. If people weren't aggressive --- any wars. 83.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Change it to there where necessary. 1. They live on a busy road. It must be a lot of noise. _WRONG; There must be ..._ 2. Last winter it was very cold and it was a lot of snow. 3. I wish it was warmer. I hate cold weather. 4. It used to be a church here, but it was knocked down. 5. It's a long way from my house to the nearest shop. 6. Why was she so unfriendly? It must have been a reason. 7. I don't know who will win but it's sure to be a good match. 8. 'Where can we park the car?' 'Don't worry. It's sure to be a car park somewhere.' 9. After the lecture it will be an opportunity to ask questions. 10. I like the place where I live but it would be nicer to live by the sea. 11. I was told that it would be somebody to meet me at the station but it wasn't anybody.
Date: 2015-02-03; view: 3104
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