| Unit 3: The First Consonant Shift, or Grimms Law
101. International investment and its institutions
2. The main features of intellectual products evaluation
3. State policy of foreign investment attraction
4. Characteristics of the stock instruments of the securities market: investment certificates
5. The concept of innovation, the innovation process, the stages of the innovation process
6. The concept and the factors of the investment climate
Basic analytical performance of the financial condition of the enterprise
| #
| Indicator
| Symbol
| Formula
| Sources
| Economic content
| Direction
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| | 1 Indicators of economic status
| | 1.1
| The share of current production assets in working capital
| Sc.p.a
| Current production funds
Current assets
| F.น1,r.100+
+r.120 + 270
F. น1, r.260 + r.270
Begin:0,3841
End:0,4925
| The share of working capital in the production area
| Increasing
| | 1.2
| Share of fixed assets in total assets
| S f.a.
| Residual value of fixed assets Assets
| F. น 1,r.030
F.น 1,r.280
Begin:0,7706
End:0,7525
| The share of funds invested in fixed assets in the currency balance
| Reducing
under constant
sales
| | 1.3
| Ratio of fixed assets depreciation
| R d.
| Depreciation of fixed assets Original cost of fixed assets
| F. น 1,r.032
F. น 1,r.031
Begin:0,547
End:0,5606
| The level of physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets
| increasing
| | 1.4
| Renewal rate of fixed assets
| R r.
| The increase of the original cost of fixed assets in the reporting period Original cost of fixed assets
| F. น 1
(growth for
r.031 )
F. น 1 , r.031
Begin:0,0001
| The level of physical and moral renewal of fixed funds
| Increase under
exclusion of inflation factor
| | 1.5
| The share of long- term financial investments in assets
| S l.a.
| Long-term financial investments Assets
| F. น 1
r.040 + r.045
F.น 1,r.280
Begin:0
End:0
| The share of investments in currency balance; reducing diversification risk
| Do not have
| | 1.6
| The share of current production assets
| S c.p.เ.
| Current production funds Assets
| F. น 1 ,r.100+
+r.120 + r.270
F. น1,r.280
Begin:0.0114
End:0,1219
| The share of mobile production assets in currency balance
| Increasing
| | 1.7
| Ratio of assets mobility
| R mob.
| Mobile assets fixed assets
| F. น 1,
r.260 + r.270
F. น 1,r.080
Begin:0,2977
End:0,3289
| Working capital per unit of fixed capital, the potential for converting assets into liquid funds
| Increasing
|
| 2 Indicators of business activity (resource efficiency, capital turnover, assettransformation)
| | 2.1
| Turnover of assets (turnover), resource efficiency, the rate of transformation
| R t.
| Net sales revenue
(NR)
Assets
| F. น 2, r.035
F.น1,r.280
Beg:0,42
End:0,45
| Received net sales revenue per unit of funds invested in assets
| Increasing
| | 2.2
| Fixed assets productivity
| P f.a.
| NR
fixed assets
| F. น 2,r.035
F. น1,r.030
Beg:0,54
End:0,59
| Revenue per unit of fixed assets
| Increasing
| | 2.3
| Working capital turnover ratio (turnover)
| R t-o.
| NR
working capital
| F. น 2, r.035
F. น 1,
r.260 + r.270
Beg:1,81
End:1,8
| Number of working capital turnover for the period, revenue per unit of working capital
| decreasing
| | 2.4
| Period of one working capital turnover (days)
| P t-o.
| 360 /R t-o.
| Beg:198,9
End:200
| The average period from funds expending for production to getting the sales revenue
| increasing
| | 2.5
| Stocks turnover ratio (turnover)
| R t-o.s.
| Cost
Average stocks
| F. น 2,r.040
F. น1,
r.100 + r.120 +
+r.130+ + r.140
Beg:2,2
End:2,5
| Number of working capital invested in stocks
| Increasing
| | 2.6
| Period one inventory turnover (days)
| P t-o.s.
| 360/ R t-o.s.
| End:163,64
Beg:144
| The period of stocks transformation for funds
| reduction
| | 2.7
| Receivables turnover ratio (turnover)
| R t-o.r.
| NR
Average receivables
| F. น2,r.035
F. น 1,r. 050 +
+ r.170 + r.180 +
+ r.190 + r.200 +
+ r.210
Beg:8,36
End:7,82
| How many times revenue is higher than the average receivables
| decreasing
| | 2.8
| The period of repayment of receivables (days)
| P p.r.
| 360/ R t-o.r.
| Beg:43,06
End:46,04
| The average collection period of receivables
| Increasing
| | 2.9
| Turnover of finished goods
| R t-o.g.
| NR
Finished goods
| F. น2,r.035
F. น1,r.130
Beg:6,51
End:10,85
| How many times revenue exceeds average stocks of finished products
| Increasing
| | 2.10
| The period of repayment payable (days)
| P p.p.
| (Average payables) ๕ 360
Cost
| F. น1,r.500+
+r.520+r.530 + +r.550 +r.580
F. น 2, r.040
Beg:0,26
End:0,2
| The average payment period of short-term debt
| decreasing
| | 2.11
| The period of operating cycle (days)
| P ๎.c.
| Total periods of stock and receivables
P ๎.c.= P t-o.s.+ P p.r.
| Beg:206,7
End:190,04
| The duration of the transformation of materials resources for cash
| Decreasing
| | 2.12
| The period of the financial cycle (days)
| P f.c.
| P f.c.= P ๎.c.-
- P p.p.
| Beg:206,44
End:189,84
| The period of funds turnover
| Reduction,
| | 2.13
| Owned capital turnover ratio (turnover)
| R o.c
| NR
Owned capital
| F. น 2, r.035
F. น 1,r.380 +
+r.430+r.630
Beg:0,49
End:0,53
| Net sales revenue per unit of owned assets
| Increasing
|
| 3 Indicators of profitability
| | 3.1
| Profitability of assets on profit from ordinary activities
| R o.a.
| Profit from ordinary activities
Assets
| F. น2,r.190
F. น 1,r.280
Beg:0
End:0
| profit from ordinary activities per unit of funds invested in assets
| Do not have
| | 3.2
| Profitability of assets for a net profit
| R เ.
| Net profit
Assets
| F. น 2,r.220
F. น 1,r.280
Beg:0
End:0
| net income per unit of assets invested in funds
| Do not have
| | 3.3
| Profitability on owned capital
| R o.c.
| Net profit
Owned capital
| F. น2, r.220
F. น1,r.380
Beg:0
End:0
| net income per unit of owned capital
| Do not have
| | 3.4
| Profitability on production assets
| R p.a.
| Net profit
Production assets
| F. น 2,r.220
F.น1,r.030+r.100++r.120
Beg:0
End:0
| net income per unit of production assets
| Do not have
| | 3.5
| Profitability of sales on profit from sales
| R Q
| Profit from sales
Revenue
| F. น 2,
r.050-r.070 -r.080
F. น2,r.035
Beg:-0,02
End:-0,04
| Profit from sales per unit of sales revenue
| looses
| | 3.6
| Profitability of sold products at a profit from operating activities
| R o Q
| Profit from operating activities
Revenue
| F. น2,r.100
F. น 2,r.035
Beg:0
End:0
| operating income per unit of revenue
| Do not have
| | 3.7
| Profitability of sales for a net profit
| R n Q
| Net profit
Revenue
| F. น2,r.220
F. น 2,r.035
Beg:0
End:0
| net income per unit of revenue
| Do not have
| | 3.8
| Coefficient of reinvestment
| C r.
| reinvested earnings
Net profit
| F. น 1, growth for
(r.340 + r.350)
F. น 2,r.220
Beg=End=can not be
| net income capitalized; net profit aims to increase owned capital
| Can not be
| | 3.9
| Coefficient of stability of economic growth
| ส s.e.g.
| reinvested earnings
Owned capital
| F. น 1, growth for
(r.340 + r.350)
F.น 1,r.380
Beg:-0,1
End:-0,12
| Growth rate of the owned capital from net profit
| decreasing
| | 3.10
| Ratio of interest paid and profits
| R%,p
| The cost of interest payment
Profit from ordinary activities
| F. น3,r.060
F. น3,r.010
Beg:
| Paid interest on loans per unit of profit
| In foreign practice to 38.8% - nomal value, 88.6% of over-anxious
| | 3.11
| Capital payback period
| า c.
| Assets
Net profit
| F. น 1,r.280
F. น 2, r.220
Beg=End=can not be
| Period during which the funds invested in assets will be offset by net profit
| Can not be
| | 3.12
| Owned capital payback period
| า o.c.
| Owned capital
Net profit
| F. น 1,r.380
F. น 2, r.220
Can not be
| Period during which the owned capital will be offset by net profit
| Can not be
|
| 4 Indicators of financial stability
| | 4.1
| Own current assets (working,
functioning capital)
| O a.
| (Owned capital + Long-term liabilities nonworking assets) or (current assets - current liabilities)
| F. น1,
r.380+r.430 + +r.480- r.080
or F. น1,r.260 + +r.270-r.620-r.630
Beg:397,8
End:442
| Current assets that are financed by owned capital and long-term liabilities
| Increase
| | 4.2
| Coefficient of own funds
| C o.f.
| Own working
assets working capital
| F. น1,
r.380+r.430-r.080
F. น1,r.260+r.270
Beg:0,36
End:0.38
| Ultimate conversion of assets in liquid funds
| Increase;
| | 4.3
| Maneuverability of working capital
| ฬ w.c.
| Inventories Working capital
| F. น1,
r.100 + r.120 +
+r.130 +r.140
F. น 1,
r. 260 + r. 270 - -r.620 - r.630
Beg:1,97
End:1,79
| The share of stocks in own working capital
| reduction
| | 4.4
| Maneuverability of own working capital
| ฬ o.w.c.
| funds Own working assets
| F. น1,
r.230 + r.240
F. น1,r.380 +
+ r.430 - r.080
Beg:0
End:0,02
| Share a completely liquid assets in own working capital, providing financial freedom to maneuver
| Increase
| | 4.5
| Ratio of own working capital reserves
| R w.c.
| Own working
assets Inventories
| F. น1,
r.380 + r.430r.-080
F. น 1,
r.100 + r.120 +
+r.130+r.140
Beg:0,51
End:0,56
| Stocks that have the least liquidity within current assets, secured by long-term stable source of funding
| Increase
| | 4.6
| Ratio of inventories
| R i.
| "Normal" source covering
stocks Inventories
| F. น1,r.380+
+ r.430 + r.480-
-r.080 + r.500 +
+ r.520 + r.530 + ____r.540_____
F.น 1,
r.100 + r.120 +
+r.130 + r.140
Beg:0,61
End:0,66
| own funds, long-and short-term liabilities per unit of funds invested in stocks
| Increase
| | 4.7
| Coefficient of financial independence (autonomy)
| C aut
| Owned capital Liabilities
| F. น 1,r.380 + +r.430 +r.630
F. น1,r.640
Beg:0,86
End:0,85
| It characterizes the opportunity to meet external liabilities of the enterprise from its own assets and its independence from debt sources
| Decreasing
| | 4.8
| Coefficient of financial dependence
| C f.d.
| Liabilities
Owned capital
| F. น 1.r.640
F.น1,r.380 +
+ r.430 + r.630
Beg:1,17
End:1,18
| total sources per unit of owned capital
| Increasing
| | 4.9
| Ratio of maneuverability of owned capital
| R m
| Own working
assets
Owned capital
| F. น1,๐380+r.430+ +r.630 -r.080
F.น1,r.380 +
+ r.430+r.630
Beg:0,1
End:0,11
| The share of own current funds in owned capital
| Increase;
| | 4.10
| Concentration ratio of debt capital
| R d.c.
| borrowed capital Liabilities
| F. น 1,
r.480 + r.620
F. น 1,r.640
Beg:0,15
End:0,15
| loan capital per unit of total sources
| The same
| | 4.11
| Ratio of financial stability
| R f.s.
| Own funds Borrowings
| F. น1,r.380 + +r.430 + r.630
F.น1,r.480+r.620
Beg:5,85
End:5,48
| Provision of debt by own funds
| Normative value >1
| | 4.12
| Indicator of financial leverage
| F l.
| Long-term
liabilities Own funds
| F. น 1.r.480
F. น1,r.380 +
+ r.430 + r.630
Beg:0
End:0
| Characterizes the dependence of companies on long-term liabilities
| Do not have
| | 4.13
| Factor of financial stability
| F f.s.
| Owned capital + Long-term liabilities
Liabilities
| F. น1,r.380 +
+ r.430 + r.480 + r.630
F น1,r.640
Beg:0,85
End:0,85
| The share of stable funding sources in their total
| F f.s.= =0,85
|
| 5 Indicators of liquidity (solvency)
| | 5.1
| Current liquidity ratio (cover)
| R c.l.
| Current assets Current liabilities
| F. น1,r.260
F. น1,r.620
Beg:1,57
End:1,61
| It characterizes the adequacy of working capital to pay off debt during the year
| Increase;
| | 5.2
| Quick liquidity ratio
| R q.l.
| Current assets - Inventories Current liabilities
| F. น1,r.260-
-(r.100 + r.110 +
+ r.120 + r.130 +
____+r.140)_____
F. น 1,r.620
Beg:0,45
End:0,52
| the most liquid assets per unit of urgent debts
| Increase
| | 5.3
| Absolute liquidity ratio
| R a.l.
| funds Current liabilities
| F. น1,
r.230 + r.240
F. น1,r.620
Beg:0
End:0,01
| It characterizes the readiness of the enterprise to immediately eliminate short-term debt
| Increase;
| | 5.4
| Ratio of short-term receivables and payables
| R r.p.
| Receivables payables
| F.น 1,r.160 +
+r.170+r.180 + +r.190 +
+ r.200 + r.210
F.น 1,
r. 520 + r.530 +
+r.540
Beg:4,01
End:4,43
| The ability to pay off creditors by debtors within one year
| Increase
|
Unit 3: The First Consonant Shift, or Grimms Law
10
Unit 4: The Accent Shift and Verners Law..........
11
Rhotacism...................................................
...................12
Unit 5: Vowels .....................................................
13
The Palatal Mutation..................................
13
Unit 6: The Early Germans...................................
15
The Life and Social Organization of the Germans
..16
The Great Migration...................................
18
Unit 7: Ancient Germanic Tribes and their Classification
..20
The Proto-Germanic Language....................
21
Unit 8: The East Germanic Group.........................
22
The Goths...................................................
22
Ulfilas and the Gothic Bible........................
22
Unit 9: The North Germanic Group........................
25
Unit 10: Northern Mythology.................................
27
The Joys of Valhalla...................................
28
Thor and the Other Gods............................
29
The Death of Balder....................................
30
Unit 11: The West Germanic Group.......................
31
Unit 12: Old English...............................................
34
Three Periods of the History of English.....
37
Unit 13: Old English Alphabet and Pronunciation.
37
Unit 14: Some Phonetic Changes of the OE Period Stressed Vowels
..41
Unstressed Vowels..................................... 42
Consonants................................................ 43
Word Stress............................................... 45
Unit 15: The Noun................................................. 46
Unit 16: The Adjective........................................... 51
Unit 17: The Pronoun............................................. 54
Unit 18: The Verb.................................................. 58
Gradation, or Ablaut.................................. 58
Mutation, or Umlaut.................................. 59
The Grammatical Forms and Categories of the verb 60
Unit 19: Strong Verbs............................................. 61
Weak Verbs................................................ 64
Preterite-Present Verbs............................... 65
Irregular Verbs........................................... 67
Unit 20: The Middle English Period....................... 68
Early Middle English.................................. 68
Changes in the Orthographic System......... 69
Unit 21: Middle English Phonetic Changes............ 71
Consonants................................................ 71
Stressed Vowels:
(1) Quantitative Changes............................ 72
(2) Qualitative Changes.............................. 73
Unit 22: Middle English Morphology
Nouns......................................................... 75
Articles....................................................... 76
Pronouns.................................................... 77
Adjectives................................................... 78
Verbs..........................................................
Unit 23: Formation of the National English Language 80
Unit 24: The Great Vowel Shift.............................. 82
Unit 25: The Mood................................................. 84
Unit 26: Development of the System of Verbids and Their Grammatical Categories 87
Unit 27: Syntactic Structure.................................... 89
Unit 28: Varieties of English 91
Unit 29: Etymological Composition of the English Vocabulary.................................... 93
Unit 30: The Connection of the History of the English Language with the History of the English People 97
Supplement............................................................. 100
Bibliography........................................................... 120
Unit 1
Date: 2014-12-22; view: 1307
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