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PART IV. CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS FACING BUSINESS
Culture is the way we do things around here. The “here” may be a country, a region, a social class, a company.
UNIT I
1. Study the following.
Adjectives for countries and nationalities.
| I come from… England Italy Portugal Sweden | I speak… English Italian Portuguese Swedish | I am… English Italian Portuguese Swedish | I am a(n)… Englishman / woman Italian Portuguese Swede | I like the… English Italians Portuguese Swedes |
There are three ways to form adjectives of nationality and names of the inhabitants of the country:
1. Spain: That man is Spanish; he is a Spaniard.
2. France: That man is French; he is a Frenchman.
3. Germany: That man is German; he is an German.
The most common suffixes for nationalities and the adjectives from countries are:
| -an | -ian | -ean | -ish | -ese | -i |
If you want to talk about the people of a country, you add the to make the plural: “I like the English / the French / the Portuguese.”
Words with endings -an, -ian, -ean make the plural adding an s: the Americans / Italians / Koreans.
Words ending in -ese don’t add an s in plural forms: the Lebanese / Japanese.
If the national adjective ends in -sh, you add man or woman when you talk about one particular person: “I’m an Englishman / Frenchman / Dutchman”.
Some countries have a special word for their inhabitants: Sweden – a Swede, Spain – a Spaniard, Denmark – a Dane, Finland – a Finn. All these add an s to make the plural: the Swedes, Spaniards, Danes, Finns.
The name for an inhabitant in Britain is usually avoided and the adjective is used instead: “I’m British”. However, you sometimes hear the words Britisher or Briton.
| Country | Adjective of nationality | Inhabitant |
| Russia Great Britain England Scotland Wales Ireland Switzerland Sweden Finland Norway Denmark The Netherlands (Holland) Italy France Belgium Germany Spain Portugal Malta Greece Bulgaria Romania Hungary Poland Czech Republic The Ukraine Georgia Lithuania Croatia Luxembourg Liechtenstein Austria Australia Iceland Turkey Saudi Arabia Israel Iraq Pakistan Oman Kuwait Bahrain Yemen Bangladesh Syria Iran Persia Afghanistan The Lebanon Jordan Nepal India China Taiwan Thailand Burma (now Myanmar) Vietnam Cambodia Laos Korea Indonesia Malaysia New Zealand Japan Senegal Sudan Algeria Egypt Tunisia Morocco Libya Nigeria Ethiopia Angola Congo South Africa The USA Canada Mexico Brazil Argentina Paraguay Chile Uruguay Peru Nicaragua | Russian British English Scottish Welsh Irish Swiss Swedish Finnish Norwegian Danish Dutch Italian French Belgian German Spanish Portuguese Maltese Greek Bulgarian Romanian Hungarian Polish Czech Ukrainian Georgian Lithuanian Croatian Austrian Australian Icelandic Turkish Saudi (Arabian) Israeli Iraqui (Iraqi) Pakistani Omani Kuwaiti Bahraini Yemeni Bangladeshi Syrian Iranian Persian Afghan Lebanese Jordanian Nepalese Indian Chinese Taiwanese Thai Burmese Vietnamese Cambodian Laotian Korean Indonesian Malaysian New Zealand Japanese Senegalese Sudanese Algerian Egyptian Tunisian Moroccan Libyan Nigerian Ethiopian Angolan Congolese South African American Canadian Mexican Brazilian Argentinean Paraguayan Chilean Uruguayan Peruvian Nicaraguan | a Russian a Briton an Englishman a Scot, Scotsman a Welshman an Irishman a Swiss a Swede a Finn a Norwegian a Dane a Dutchman an Italian a Frenchman a Belgian a German a Spaniard a Portuguese a Maltese a Greek a Bulgarian a Romanian a Hungarian a Pole a Czech a Ukrainian a Georgian a Lithuanian a Croatian a Luxembourger a Liechtensteiner an Austrian an Australian an Icelander a Turk a Saudi (Arabian) an Israeli an Iraqui (Iraqi) a Pakistani an Omani a Kuwaiti a Bahraini a Yemeni a Bangladeshi a Syrian an Iranian a Persian an Afghan a Lebanese a Jordanian a Nepalese an Indian a Chinese a Taiwanese a Thai (the Thais) a Burmese a Vietnamese a Cambodian a Laotian a Korean an Indonesian a Malaysian a New Zealander a Japanese a Senegalese a Sudanese an Algerian an Egyptian a Tunisian a Moroccan a Libyan a Nigerian a Ethiopian an Angolan a Congolese a South African an American a Canadian a Mexican a Brazilian an Argentinean a Paraguayan a Chilean an Uruguayan a Peruvian a Nicaraguan |
2. What are the adjectives from these countries?
| China Kuwait Belgium the Ukraine Israel Pakistan Sweden | the Lebanon Switzerland Thailand Wales Spain Sudan Ireland | Peru Germany Italy Morocco South Africa Singapore Kenya | Yemen Afghanistan Poland Turkey Norway Scotland Nepal |
3. What nationality are most people living in the following countries?
| the Netherlands Czech Republic the Lebanon Greece Japan Venezuela Saudi Arabia | Mexico Lithuania Peru Turkey Chile Britain Ireland | Denmark Hungary Canada Egypt Finland France the USA | Sweden Malta Switzerland Spain Iceland Brazil Malaysia |
4. Each of the sentences has a nationality word missing. Add the missing words.
1. He is from Copenhagen, so I guess he speaks … .
2. They live in Austria, so they speak … .
3. He is from New Zealand, so he is … .
4. If he comes from Cairo, he must be … .
5. If she lives in Paris, she must be … .
6. If they live in Brussels, my guess is that they’re … .
7. If he lives in Warsaw, I expect he’s … .
8. If she comes from Rome, she’s … , I suppose.
9. They live in Vienna, so they are … , I guess.
10. He works in Tokyo, so I presume he’s … .
11. As she’s from Budapest, I presume she’s … .
12. His home town is Sidney; he is …, my guess.
13. If he comes from Toronto, he probably speaks … .
14. If they live in San Paulo, they’re probably … .
15. As they live in Athens, I think they’re … .
16. He lives in Beijing, so presumably he’s … .
17. If she is from Bangkok, she must be … .
18. Her home town is Amsterdam, so I guess she’s … .
19. Their head office is in Madrid: they are a … firm.
20. If they work in Kuala Lumpur, I expect they’re … .
21. He has a house in Istanbul, so he must be … .
22. If they come from Edinburgh, they’re both … .
23. If he is from Lima, I suppose he’s … .
24. She lives in Buenos Aires, she is … .
25. The headquarters of the company are in Munich, so they are a … company.
5. ABC group is an international operation. Choose the correct expressions to describe its different locations.
We have operations in:
| 1. Berlin in 2. Nottingham in 3. Naples in 4. Prague in 5. Seoul in 6. Bangkok in 7. New Delhi in 8. California on 9. San Francisco in 10. Boston on 11. Iowa City in 12. Kuwait in 13. Nigeria in | East Germany / the Eastern part of Germany the English Midlands / Middle England Southern Italy / South of Italy Central Europe / the Centre of Europe the Far East / Far East South East Asia / the South Eastern Asia the Indian continent / the Indian subcontinent the Pacific Edge / the Pacific Rim the West Coast / the Western Coast the Eastern Coast / the Eastern Seaboard the Mid-East / the Mid-West the Mid-East / the Middle East Western Africa / West Africa |
6. Match the words from each list below to make as many sentences as you can. You will have to transform the names of the countries into adjectives of nationality.
| Philips BBC Fiat IBM BASF Carlsberg IKEA Evian Tissot Samsung JAL Cadiz | Denmark France Netherlands USA UK Switzerland Spain South Korea Japan Germany Italy Sweden | furniture retailer airline computer company beer watch mineral water electrotechnical products car manufacturer chemical company electronics company seaport television channel |
7. Give English equivalents of.
ßïîíèÿ, Èòàëèÿ, êîðååö, äàòñêèé, Âåíãðèÿ, øâåäû, ïîëÿê, êàíàäñêèé, òàéöû, âüåòíàìñêèé, ãðåê, òóð÷àíêà, ×åõèÿ, Ëèòâà, íîðâåæåö, ÷åõ, óýëüñêèé, Øâåéöàðèÿ, ôèííû, ïåðóàíåö, èñïàíöû, ôðàíöóæåíêè, àâñòðàëèéêè, Ëèâàí, èçðàèëüñêèé, èñëàíäåö, åãèïòÿíèí, Øâåöèÿ, áîëãàðñêèé, æèòåëü Ëþêñåìáóðãà, àðãåíòèíåö, ãîëëàíäñêèé, âåíãð, ìàðîêêàíåö, ×èëè, Áåëüãèÿ, Òóðöèÿ, øâåéöàðñêèé, Áðàçèëèÿ, ñóäàíåö, Òóíèñ, Àëæèð, øâåäñêèé, ìàëüòèåö, èíäååö, êóâåéòñêèé, èíäèåö, ïîðòóãàëüñêèé, Íèäåðëàíäû, ÿïîíñêèé, èòàëüÿíñêèé.
UNIT 2
Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1150
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