GB abolished slavery, graduallythroughout the British dominions

· à had influence on abolitionist movement in America

· William Lloyd Garrison – founded the newspaper Liberation

· à Constitution: pact with the devil

· à was the 1^st to propose the split of free and slave states

· Frederick Douglass

· Public lectures to bring up public enthusiasm

· Feminist values: certain things females should do (feminism); more religiously inspired half of the household

· à abolitionist movement had a very strong Christian centre

· Idea: slavery = violation to God

· Men feared that if slavery would be abolished they’d lose their jobs

· “Public mind” à you need to influence the public then you can change sth.

· Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Storre) (1852)

· Help to abolitionist movement

· à depicted slavery as a destruction of middle class

· à politicians debating about it too

· à turned into question of state’s rights

· Defending slavery by changing the topic of the debate

· 1854: Kansas-Nebraska-Act (they were only territories and no states)

· In N and K.: empowered settlers to use a popular referendum

· à popular sovereignty

· There were pro- and anti-slavery settlers

· à formed armed groups à bloody conflict à fighting about slavery

· “Bleeding/Bloody Kansas”

· Involved in conflict: John Brown: radical abolitionist; was hanged in 1859

· à slave uprise

· à already descending into violence à fights also in Congress and Senate beating each other

· 1857: Dred Scott Decision by the Supreme Court

· à slave; he said that his owner brought him to a territory where slavery was illegal so all this was illegal but the SC decided that slaves are no citizens and as a consequence of this do not have any rights and this could not be illegal

· Abraham Lincoln: lawyer à speaking up against court’s decisions à quickly rose to become a prominent national figure

· 1860: nominated for presidency à won the election

· In the time between his election and the beginning of his office from November to June: Southern States decided that they could not have an anti-slavery president à 1^st South Carolina

· Feb 1861: 11 states formed the Confederal States of America (Tenessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Missippi, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Sumter, Arkansas)

· Feb 1861: “Confederate States of America” vs. Union

· à election of a president whose opinion was against slavery caused the southern states secede (отделиться)

· Lincoln takes office in March 1861

· His aim of the war was not ending slavery but preserving the union

· April 12, 1861: South Carolina militias: Lincoln wants them to surrender à civil war begins in April 1861

· North: better technology, more money, bigger population, McClellan

· South: strategic advantages, local knowledge, better leaders, Lee, Johnson

· Confederal States hoped that the British would help them out à assistance à British refused

· all the South had to do: defend their territory à north has to invade/keep control

· Lincoln and the North thought they’d easily win à lost the 1^st battles

· After the 1^st battles stale male (King dead or no legal move possible

· Why was the Civil war so violent?

· Military technology (defensive) vs. tactical technology (offensive)

· It took leadership long to adapt technology of tactics

· Big battles (Antretem, Shiloh, Gettysburg)

· Grant: officer in Mexican war, not good in anything but fighting à 1^st person to understand technology à he won the battle of Tennessee

· July 1-4, 1865: Gettysburg -> the turning point in the war: hugely violent

! Important to win the psychological war

· Lincoln: Gettysburg address /The speech of Ab.Lincoln (very short)

àHe said:

The South fights for the Union

The North fights for liberty and democracy in the world

· Shermann: bring Northern army in the South; he destroyed everything inside (burned plantations etc.) à crushing the enemies will to resist by burning their homes, punishing them for their resistance à demoralise the population

· April 9, 1865: sign capitulation

· 670.000 people killed in the Civil War

· Lincoln assassinated about 1 week after the end of the war (April 15, 1865)

· à NOT fight to end slavery

· Emancipation proclamation: Sep 1862: freed the slaves à weaken Southern economy

· 8.000 free African American slaves served in Northern army

· 13^th Amendment terminated slavery

· Civic religion (самосознание американского населения)

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 799