Ecological aspects of an estimation of efficiency of activity of the enterprises.

Ecological and environmental policy — publicly declared principles and obligations deals with ecological and environmental aspects of enterprise activity and providing a basis for an establishment of its ecological purposes and tasks. Ecological and environmental policy is the engine for introduction and improvement of an En ironmen Management system for any organization, that it supported and constantly raised the ecological efficiency. The policy reflects top management obligations to observe modern legislation and constantly to improve an Environment Management system. The policy creates a basis with which help the organization establishes aims and targets. The policy should be precise that the internal and external interested parties could understand it. It periodically should be analyzed and reconsidered to reflect varied conditions and the information. The policy field of use should be precisely specified. The “Engineering ecology and environmental protection" governing body defines and document own ecological policy within the framework of an ecological policy of the St.-Petersburg University of Means of communication. The ecological laboratory is division of "Engineering ecology" department and obligatory operates within the framework of the ecological policy authorized for department (overlapping of the ecological purposes and tasks of department and laboratory with the purposes and tasks of University as a whole). For statement of the ecological purposes and tasks within the framework of an ecological politics, the following bench-marks will be use:

I. Ecological culture of manufacture: Conscious use in enterprise practical activities the bases of modern ecological culture and ecological ethics “Split the trust” Continuous process of improvement Voluntary expansion of ecological obligations of the enterprise Ecological culture of Health protection and ecological safety of the personnel manufacture and the population in a zone of influence of the enterprise Estimation of negative influence on an environment and its minimization Development of environment-friendly technologies Support of environmental scientific researches and environmental education and enlightenment, including school ecological education

Development of voluntary environmental insurance Environmental charity such efficiency as social, and later and ecological have been entered into calculations of efficiency of social and economic development in the early eighties when social and ecological priorities began to join in structure of costs in the form of so-called "sotsialnyh.rezultatov environment deterioration on which it is necessary to go for the sake of satisfaction of requirements to quality of the environment, dictated by the long-term social purposes" The approach 1 is connected with a policy of increase in expenses for actions for protection and rational use of natural resources: ground, water and wood resources, and also atmospheric air, to introduction of the nature protection technologies connected with clearing of air, water, soils, etc. Efficiency of nature protection activity is estimated by protection against noise on size of these expenses [111J. Investments in wildlife management have brought certain result, especially there where they were adequate to an existing environmental problem., as consequence of such policy regard the improvement of quality of water reached in the mid-seventies in the river Rhine (Germany), conditions of atmospheric air in industrial centers USA and Europe etc. The approach 2 has connected with expansion of a legal mechanism of wildlife management. Such approach applied for the first time in the West in the early seventies was actively used and in pashas to the country in the early nineties when a number of operating manufactures has been closed, building of the several new economic objects which have caused in due time public indignation (building of the channel Volga water basin etc.) is stopped . However attempts thus to solve environmental problems have appeared unpromising as at once created economic and social problems - the quantity of workplaces decreased, unemployment grew, receipts in budgets of all levels [363] were reduced. Phase-out of any product at the closed enterprise created a problem in other branches. The developed states took steps on transfer most ecologically dangerous manufactures in developing countries, but also these measures of special success had no. First, costs on such "moving" (training of experts, development y, etc.) at times exceeded expansion of a transport network of an expense for nature protection actions at home, and secondly, the policy ecological requirements began to be applied and in the countries of the third world. The approach 3. From the end of 60th years the mechanism of wildlife management including both economic, and social aspects of development has started to operate. The criterion has been put in a basis standard PLAITS. In Russia - system of maximum permissible concentration (maximum concentration limit) of polluting substances, concerning which maximum permissible level (PDS and PDV) influences on environment (dumps/emissions) for each enterprise paid off established levels PDV and PDS are broken by the enterprise the penalty is imposed on it. Thus development of nature protection activity was stimulated, and its efficiency was estimated on total amount of penal sanctions. Since 1991 in Russia the mechanism of a payment for environmental contamination is introduced. The system of payments has been established for; e emission in atmosphere of polluting substances;

The approach 4. The mechanism of the nature protection activity based on calculations of means for nature protection actions In the mid-eighties began to be developed and take root into practice. As generalizing indicators of nature protection activity on working out of Goskomecology of Russia have been accepted:

Date: 2015-01-29; view: 828