TEXT 5: TOWNSHIPS

Townships are small units of local government that provide services for the people of a certain area. Although smaller than most counties, townships are in some ways similar to county governments. Like counties, townships first were formed to govern rural areas. They carried out certain services, and soon became the center of economic and political life for many settlers. These early townships were found in the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Townships also were formed in the Midwest, but in a different way. To encourage pioneer settlement, the Land Ordinance of 1785 was passed. This law divided unsettled areas into six-mile (9.6-kilometer) squares. These squares were called townships. Each township was further divided for sale to settlers. At first, the townships were geographic areas, rather than government units. Eventually, however, many townships decided on a plan of government. These became local governments recognized by the state.

Today, townships are found in 16 states. They carry out a variety of services. Among these are road repair, public safety, and health and welfare services. Over the years, however, county governments have assumed many of these duties. Many townships, in fact, have become subdivisions of a county. Municipalities, too, have taken over much of the work of townships, some even annexing township lands. As a result, townships in many areas have become less important, providing fewer and fewer services.

This is not the case everywhere, however. Some townships, especially those that are heavily populated, have developed into urban areas. These have taken on many of the powers and duties of municipalities. Such townships arc found in Michigan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Townships usually are governed by a board known as the board of trustees. In some areas, this board is called the board of supervisors. It is the board's responsibility to prepare the budget. The board also makes and carries out local laws. Members of the board are elected by the people of the township. Other township leaders chosen by the people may include a clerk, treasurer, and justice of the peace.

Date: 2015-01-12; view: 941