| class
| group
| subgroup, or type of formation
| illustrations
|
| phonetic
| artificial
| rah-rah, "a type of skirt", yecky/ yucky "repulsive"
|
| phonetic borrowing
| solidarnosc (Polish), dolce vita (Italian), Berufsverbot (German)
|
| morphological
| compound
| neutral
| to catlick "to wash the dishes carelessly"; selflife "term of validity", free-fall "a sudden severe decline, esp. in stock-market proces, which shows no sign of stopping"; materclass; Amerenglish "Ameican English"
|
| particle compound
| in- "modern, the most fashionable"
| in-crowd; in-group, in-language, in-thing
|
| -in "protest, strike"
| sit-in "a strike when workers remain at their working places"; laugh-in "organized laughing during a speech"; read-in "competition of reciters"
|
| block compound
| spelt with a break
| pile up "traffic jam'; trade off "exchange, substitution"
|
| affixed compound
| rubber-neck "a tourist who remains in the coach and is not curious about the country"; white-collardom; topsy-turvidom; righ-wingish; show-offy
|
| identical meaning component
| -basher (bang+smash)
| IRA-basher "person who is against IRA"; Paki-basher "a person who is against Pakistan"
|
| -manship "ability, skill, knowhow"
| lifemanship "ability to prosper in life'; showmanship "skill to show off"
|
| -hop "to move from place to place very quickly"
| to job-hop; to tavern-hop; to bed-hop
|
| conversion
| to Micky-mouse, to hero-worship; to frontpage
|
| backformation
| to freeload < freeloader, freeloading "about people who go to receptions of different types to have free meals"; to baby-sit < baby-sitter; to bird-watch < birdwatching; to massproduce
|
| analogy
|
| snowmobile (automobile); danceaholic (alcoholic); moneygram (telegram)
|
| -free "devoid of what is expressed by the first component"
| waste-free; alcohol-free; nuclear-free; E-free "without additives"
|
| -friendly
| ozone-friendly; planet-friendly; audience-friendly; customer-friendly
|
| -happy "fond of what is expressed by the first component"
| travel-happy; queue-happy; power-happy
|
| -proof "defended from what is expressed by the firs component"
| germ-proof; burglar-proof; depression-proof
|
| -oriented
| money-oriented; computer-oriented; change-oriented; leisure-oriented; job-oriented
|
| -wide; -intensive
| personnel-wide, Industry-wide; profit-intensive, neologism-intensive, labor-intensive
|
| terminological neologism, or neo-classical
| built on the pattern of Latin or Greek compounds
| [Gr. aer "air"] > aerogram, aeronaut, aerospace, aerocapture;
[Gr. mania "madness"] > discomania, Beatlesmania
|
| syntactical
| with conjunction stems of different types
| middle-of-the-roader; no-where-goer; roam-a-phone; do-it-yourselfer; me-too-ism; me-first-ism; here-and-now; all-or-none; hard-to-get
|
| shortened or abbreviated forms
| kidvid "a child who is a compulsive watcher of TV or video"; vid "short video film"; sexploitation (sex + exploitation); resto (restaurant); dinky (dual income no kids yet); super G (super giant slalom); SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
|
| phraseological
| phraseological units with transferred meanings
| fudge and dodge "avoidance of definite decisions"; to nose out "to find out"; talk'n chalk "traditional method of teaching"
|
| set non-idiomatic expressions
| Rubic's clock/ cube; acid rain; a whizz kid "a very clever and ambitious young man, who makes a quick pogress in his career"
|
| substitutions
| elder → older
| older (in the family and in the age)
|
| such →that
| that kind of…
|
| so → that
| not that simple
|
| as…as → not this
| It can't be this cold tomorrow
|
| typical → very much
| This is very much the case.
|
| to have → to get
| He got his hair cut.
|
| to be → to get
| to get born; to get caught in a heavy rain
|
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