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Relation between main classes of inorganic substances

Scheme of genetical relationships of classes

Chemical element + Oxygen O2  
   
   
OXIDES    
  Salifiables     Non-Salifiables  
Basic Amphoteric Acidic    
     
  HYDROXIDES      
Typical bases Amphoteric ACIDS    
   
  SALTS  
Basic Neutral Acidic Double Mixed Complex  
                                           

Oxides

Oxides - complex substances, consisting of two elements, one of them is Oxygen. Practically all elements (excepting three noble gases - He, Ar and Ne) may form oxides.

Classification of oxides:

Non-Salifiables - non-salts forming (CO, N2O, NO)
Salifiables - salts forming, subdivided into:
  Basic - it is a metal oxides in which metals display low oxidation number +1, +2 (Na2O, MgO, CuO);
  Amphoteric (for some metals with oxidation number +3, +4, sometimes +2) - ZnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, SnO, PbO, MnO2;
  Acidic - it is oxides of non-metals and some metals with oxidation number from +5 to +7 (SO2, SO3, P2O5, Mn2O7, CrO3).

 

Preparation

1. Interaction of simple and complex substances with Oxygen:

2Mg + O2 = 2MgO;

4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3;

S + O2 = SO2;

2H2S + 3O2 = 2SO2 + 2H2O;

2C2H2 + 5O2 = 4CO2 + 2H2O;

4FeS + 7O2 = 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2.

2. Decomposition of some substances containing Oxygen (oxides, bases, acids, salts) on heating:

4CrO3 2Cr2O3 + 3O2;

Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2O;

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O;

H2CO3 CO2 + H2O;

H2SiO3 SiO2 + H2O;

CaCO3 CaO + CO2;

2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2.

Date: 2015-01-12; view: 1373

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