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Rkinabetonis karkasiT

Senobebis agebis teqnologiuri Taviseburebani. praqtikaSi xSirad Sendeba msubuqi da saSualo tipis erTsarTuliani samrewvelo Senobebi asawyobi rkinabetonis konstruqciebisagan, saSualo farTobiT _ 3000_20000 m2, Senobebis malebiT _ 12, 18, 24 da 30 m, svetebis bijiT _ 6 da 12 m, simaRliT _ 8.4_18 m-mde, asawyobi elementebis masiT _ 2.5_33 t. aseTi Senobebi, moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba aSendes amweebis gareSe an aRWurvili iyos xidura eleqtroamweebiT. Senobebi xasiaTdeba tipuri ujredebiT, konstruqciebiTa da didi zomebiT grZivi da ganivi mimarTulebiT.

erTsarTulian samrewvelo Senobebs ZiriTadad axasiaTebT SedarebiT dabali Rirebuleba, svetebis sxvadasxva badis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, teqnologiuri danadgarebidan datvirTvebis uSualod gruntze gadacemis SesaZlebloba. aseTi Senobebi Sendeba marTkuTxa formis gegmaze, mTel Senobaze Tanabari simaRliT da malebiT erT mimarTulebiT.

damuSavebulia Senobebis universaluri moculobiT-dagegmarebiTi da konstruqciuli gadawyvetebi, romlebic saSualebas iZleva gamoyenebul iqnes montaJis industriuli meTodebi. dadgenilia Senobebis parametrebis SezRuduli raodenoba da gabarituli sqemebis urTierTSexameba. malebis zomebi dakavSirebulia svetebis gansazRvrul simaRlesTan da bijebTan, amwiszeda gabaritebTan. erTsarTuliani Senobebis karkasis, Semofargvlisa da gadaxurvebis yvela elementi gamsxvilebul modulTa nominaluri zomebis jeradia: dagegmarebis _ 6 m, simaRlis _ 1.2 m.

samuSaoTa warmoebis Tanmimdevroba. erTsarTulian samrewvelo Senobebis agebas Cveulebriv axorcieleben asawyobi tipuri elementebiT, romlebic mzaddeba anakrebi rkinabetonis qarxnebSi. asawyobi iyofa mzid da Semomfarglav konstruqciebad. mzid konstruqciebs miekuTvneba saZirkvlebi, svetebi, amwqveSa koWebi, wamweebi, Semomfarglavs _ gadaxurvis filebi da kedlis panelebi.

Senobebs asawyobi rkinabetonis elementebisagan amontaJeben calkeuli elementebiT. vinaidan rTuli Sesasrulebelia pirapirebis mowyoba, maT ar amsxvileben sivrciT blokebSi. amasTan, rkinabetonis blokis masa 3_5-jer aRemateba liTonis konstruqciebis blokebis masas, rac Zalian arTulebs samontaJo samuSaoebs.

Tu samSeneblo moedani aRWurvilia ramdenime amwiT, samontaJo samuSaoebi SeiZleba Catardes ramdenime paralelur da mimdevrobiT nakadad: erT nakadSi SeiZleba damontaJdes erTi saxis konstruqciebi, meoreSi ki _ sxva (nax. 12.1). samuSaoebis aseTi organizacia sagrZnoblad amcirebs obieqtis montaJis direqtiul vadebs.

pirvel nakadSi, miwis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg, axorcieleben saZirkvlebis montaJs. pirveli nakadis samuSaoebs miekuTvneba: saZirkvlebis miReba svetebis montaJisaTvis, miwis ukuCayra ubeebSi, moednis moSandakeba monazomis farglebSi, gzis gayvana transportisaTvis, moednebis momzadeba konstruqciebis dawyobisa da amweebis muSaobisaTvis. optimaluri gadawyvetis safuZvelze moSandakebis Semdeg mTel monazomze mzaddeba betoni iatakisaTvis. moedanze transportisa da amweebis moZraobisaTvis SesaZlebelia rkinabetonis filebisagan moewyos savali gza. am SemTxvevaSi, sawyobis farTobSi mizanSewonilia konstruqciebis qveS moewyos qviSis momzadeba.



pirvel monazomSi, nulovani ciklis samuSaoebis miRebis Semdeg, meore nakadad asruleben svetebis montaJs. Semdeg nakadSi amontaJeben karkasis danarCen elementebs: amwisqveSa koWebs, wamweebsa da daxurvis filebs.

elementebis montaJis Tanmimdevroba damokidebulia amwis moZraobis miRebul sqemaze _ malis grZivad (nax. 12.2-is a) Tu ganivad (nax. 12.2-is b) moZraobaze.

nax. 12.2. elementebis dayenebis Tanmimdevroba amwis sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT moZraobisas:

a _ montaJi grZivi mimarTulebiT; b _ montaJi ganivi mimarTulebiT.

 

kedlis panelebs amontaJeben bolo samontaJo nakadSi, rogorc wesi, damoukidebeli amwiT. panelebis Sekidva xdeba or mezobel svets Soris mTel simaRleze, fanjris alaTebis montaJTan da panelebis nakerebis Sevsebis samuSaoebTan SeTavsebiT.

erTsarTulian samrewvelo SenobaTa agebisas ar aris saWiro saobieqto sawyobebis mowyoba. konstruqciebi montaJis zonaSi SeaqvT mesame cvlaSi da alageben dayenebis adgilTan amwis moqmedebis radiusSi. montaJis normalurad warmoebisTvis obieqtze unda Seiqmnas konstruqciebis ordRiani maragi. amiT uzrunvelyofil iqneba montaJis uwyveti warmoeba.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac konstruqciebis montaJi miRebulia meTodiT "Tvlebidan", anakrebi elementebis monazomze miwodeba sruldeba montaJis mimarTulebis mxridan amwisken Tanmxvedri moZraobebiT.

mSeneblobis ciklebis SeTavsebis meTodebi. samSeneblo samuSaoTa warmoebis, awyobili konstruqciebisa da teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa montaJis procesebis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare, samrewvelo Senobebis agebisaTvis iyeneben Ria, daxurul, SeTavsebisa da kombinirebul meTodebs (nax. 12.3).

nax. 12.3. mSeneblobis ciklebis SeTavsebis meTodebi:

I _ Ria: 1 _ miwisqveSa nawilis ageba;

2 _ karkasis montaJi; 3 _ teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa montaJi; 4 _ mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebi;

II _ daxuruli: 1 _ miwisqveSa nawili karkasis qveS; 2 _ Senobis karkasi; 3 _ teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa da komunikaci-ebis miwisqveSa nawili; 4 _ teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa montaJi; 5 _ mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebi;

III _ SeTavsebuli: 1 _ nagebobebis saerTo mTxreblis damuSaveba; 2 _ saZirkvlebis dabetoneba mowyobilobebis qveS; 3 _ Senobis karkasis montaJi; 4 _ teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis montaJi; 5_ mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebi;

IV _ kombinirebuli: samuSaoebis warmoeba Ria (I) da daxuruli (II) meTodebiT.

 

es meTodebi asaxaven samuSaoTa SeTavsebisa da Tanmimdevrobis sxvadasxva xarisxs, rac aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes samSeneblo konstruqciebis montaJisa da SenobaTa agebis organizaciis procesSi.

erTsarTulian samrewvelo SenobaTa mSeneblobis ZiriTad ciklebs miekuTvneba Senobis miwisqveSa da miwiszeda nawilis ageba, romelic moicavs: mTxreblis da Txrilebis damuSavebas Senobisa da teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa saZirkvlebisaTvis, Senobis saZirkvlebis montaJsa da Semdeg dabetonebas teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisaTvis, miwiszeda nawilis konstruqciebis montaJs, teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa da milsadenebis montaJs, mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebis Sesrulebas.

Ria meTodis gamoyenebisas, pirvel rigSi, asruleben monazomze Senobis miwisqveSa nawilis yvela samuSaos, Semdeg ki miwiszeda nawilisa da teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis montaJs da bolos _ mopirkeTebis samuSaoebs. miwisqveSa ciklis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis yvela samuSao, romelic exeba miwisqveSa konstruqciebis mowyobas: Senobisa da mowyobilobebis saZirkvlebi, sardafis sarTulebis gadaxurvebi, miwis ukuCayra, usardafo SenobebSi iatakis qveS momzadebis mowyoba. miwisqveSa samuSaoTa ciklis dasrulebis Semdeg darCenili moedani unda moSandakdes.

miwisqveSa ciklis samuSaoebis Sesruleba uzrunvelyofs Senobis an nagebobis miwiszeda nawilis montaJis maRal efeqturobas, saSualebas iZleva mSenebloba warmoebdes industriuli meTodebiT, magram sxvadasxva adgilobrivi pirobebidan gamomdinare (Senobis moculobiT-dagegmarebiTi da teqnologiuri gadawyvetebi), sxva meTodebi SeiZleba iyos ufro efeqturi.

daxuruli meTodis SemTxvevaSi yovel samontaJo ubanze Tavdapirvelad sruldeba miwis samuSaoebi da ayeneben saZirkvlebs mxolod Senobis qveS, ris Semdegac amontaJeben mis karkass. samontaJo samuSaoTa dasrulebis Semdeg, Senobis karkasis SigniT amuSaveben mTxrebls, ayeneben saZirkvlebs Siga CaSenebuli konstruqciebis, teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisa da miwisqveSa nagebobebisaTvis. mxolod amis Semdeg axorcieleben Siga nagebobebis, teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa, milsadenebis montaJs da mosapirkeTebel samuSaoebs.

daxuruli meTodi SeiZleba iyos ufro racionaluri im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowyobilobebis saZirkvlebs Senobis malSi ukavia didi adgili da malSi saWiroa ganviTarebuli miwisqveSa meurneobis qselis ageba. es xels uSlis amweebis gadaadgilebas, iTxovs damatebiT danaxarjebs gasasvlelebis mosawyobad. daxuruli meTodi saSualebas iZleva samuSaoTa warmoebisaTvis gamoyenebul iqnes maRali manevrirebisa da eqspluataciis naklebi Rirebulebis amweebi, vidre koSkuri amweebi, romelic gamoiyeneba Ria meTodis SemTxvevaSi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samuSaoTa udidesi nawili sruldeba Senobis daxurvis Semdeg, riTac malebis teritoria daculia atmosferuli naleqebisagan.

SeTavsebis meTodis gamoyenebisas Tavdapirvelad muSavdeba saerTo mTxrebli miwisqveSa meurneobis, sxvadasxva saxis Senobisa da mowyobilobebis saZirkvlebisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi, mowyobilobaTa saZirkvlebis dabetoneba SeTavsebulia Senobis karkasis montaJTan ise, rom saZirkvlebis Cabarebis momentisaTvis sxva ubnebze sruldeba karkasis montaJi, ris Semdegac SesaZlebelia teqnologiur mowyobilobaTa montaJis dawyeba.

kombinirebuli meTodis SemTxvevaSi is malebi, sadac mravalia teqnologiuri mowyobilobebi da mosawyobia ganviTarebuli miwisqveSa meurneoba, amohyavT daxuruli xerxiT, xolo is malebi ki, sadac naklebad aris ganviTarebuli miwisqveSa meurneoba da mcirea teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis raodenoba _ Ria meTodiT. am SemTxvevaSi, amweebis ganlageba saWiroa moewyos malebSi, sadac naklebad aris ganviTarebuli miwisqveSa meurneoba.

 


Date: 2016-06-13; view: 6


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Nax. 12.1. erTsarTuliani samrewvelo Senobis montaJi specializebuli nakadebiT. | MeTodebi da samontaJo meqanizmebi
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