An action which was going on at the definite moment in the past.

The definite moment may be:

a) with markers (the whole day, at ten o?clock yesterday, etc)

I was sleeping at 10 o?clock yesterday.

B) With if-clause.

If it wasn?t raining, we would have lunch outside.

C) understood from the situation.

He didn?t notice what was going on around him, he was still writing his compositions.

We are interested in the action.

He was repairing his car.

The Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to have in the past (had) +Participle II of the notional verb (if the verb is regular we plus d/ed to the Infinitive, if the verb is irregular we use the third form of the table of the Irregular verbs).

The Past Perfect Tense is used to express:

An action completed by the definite moment in the past.

The definite moment may be:

a) with markers: by 7 o?clock yesterday, by that time, by the end of the year, by the end of the term.

By the end of the term we had learned to speak English.

B) with when-clause.

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

C) understood from the situation.

Why did he buy a new watch yesterday?

Because he had lost his old one.

We use the indirect word order with conjunctions hardly, scarcely, when, no sooner than.

Hardly had we enteredthe house, when it began to rain.

The Future Indefinite Tense

The Future Indefinite tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verbs shall/will(shall: I, we; will: she, he, it, they, you) + the Infinitive of the notional verb.

The Future Indefinite Tense is used to express:

A simple fact in the future.

I?ll go to the concert.

2) with markers: tomorrow, in a few minutes, in an hour, in some days, one of these days, the day after tomorrow.

She will come here tomorrow.

With if-clause we never use Future Indefinite, we use Present Indefinite instead.

If I go for a walk, I shall meet my friends.

!!! We may use Future Indefinite when it is an object clause (I don?t know, as far as I know).

I don?t know if my sister will come.

4) there is, there are ? are used in Future Indefinite.

There will be?.

There will not be?

Will there be?

Will there be any interesting books?

The Future Continuous Tense

The Future Continuous Tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to be in the future (shall be, will be) and Participle I of the notional verb( the Infinitive + ing).

The Future Continuous is used to express:

1) an action, which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
The definite moment may be:

A) with markers (at this time tomorrow).

We shall be approaching Moscow at this time tomorrow.

B) If-clause

I shall be waiting for you, if you get into a traffic jam.

C) Understood from the situation.

What will you do tomorrow?

I?ll be preparing for may exam the whole day.

An action, which will be going on for a certain period of time in future.

I shall be working in the library the whole day tomorrow.

Planned future action

Will you be taking any more exams this year?

The emotions of the speaker.

Don?t take Ann and Nora to town. They will be constantly quarreling.

Date: 2016-06-12; view: 317