I. Subdivide the following words of native origin into a) Indo-European, b) Germanic, c) English proper.

sea, red, heart, grass, new, daisy, hand, stand, blue, lady, eat, arm, grey, lord, always, star, eat, speak, boat, birch, brother, sun, hear, old, swine, three, hundred, boy, corn, foot, son, house, water, know, good, drink.

II. Distribute the following Latin borrowings into three groups according to the time of borrowing.

dish, cup, plant, abbot, school, minimum, formula, street, monk, mental, wine, chalk, nun, wall, senior, immortal, cook, devil, beet, butter, minster, oil, grammar, crisis, master, port, solar, mill, monastery, pound, construct, absolute, pulpit, port, devil, cheese, external, abstract, butter, genius, cheap, moratorium.

III. Find the examples of Scandinavian borrowings in the sentences given below. How can they be identified?

1. He crossed over to the window, through which the late sunlight came and looked out. 2. The remains of fried eggs and sausages, the frying-pan not cleaned, standing on one corner of the table, the electric light still on. 3. The man pushed past the door, dragging a boy behind him, and it was not Mrs. Collins?s husband. 4. The distant hills did not blend into the sky but stood out like rocks. 5. This, of course, I had taken as a joke. 6. This greeting of one man to another seemed natural. 7. It belonged to a family called Baker. 8. I don?t doubt this artist?s skill.

IV. Point out whether the italicized words in the sentences given below are Norman or Parisian French borrowings. How can they be identified?

1. There was a danger of an accident as there was something wrong with the chassis. 2. Both rich and poor lived in small family groups. 3. I knew nothing about the film world and imagined it to be a continuous ferment of personal intrigue. 4. ?Geoffrey Lampetho, sir, and his brother Philip,? said Roger. 5. Don?t worry, this is a bona-fide deal. 6. Apart from being an unforgivable break of etiquette, you only make yourself extremely ridiculous. 7. The village fête was in full swing. 8. ?Aren?t you the vicar?s nephew?? said Driffield. 9. I could have a closer view of the farms situated on the opposite side of the valley from the railway. 10. ?I don?t see the matter,? said Steven, helping himself to more mayonnaise. 11. Several parachutists landed behind the enemy lines.

V. Explain the etymology of the italicized words (native English and borrowings). Use etymological dictionaries if necessary.

1. The Romans brought the skills of reading and writing to Britain. The most obvious characteristic of Roman Britain was its towns, which were the basis of Roman administration and civilization. Outside the towns, the biggest change during the Roman occupation was the growth of large farms, called ?villas?.

2. There were two basic principles to feudalism: every man had a lord and every lord had land. The king was connected through this chain of people to the lowest man in the country. When a noble died his son usually took over his estate.

3. Saxon kings helped the Church to grow, but the Church also increased the power of kings. Bishops gave kings their support, which made it harder for royal power to be questioned. The value of Church approval was all the greater because of the uncertainty of the royal succession.

VI. Explain the etymology of the following words. Write them out in three columns: a) fully assimilated words; b) partially assimilated words; c) unassimilated words. Explain the reason of your choice in each case. Use etymological dictionaries if necessary.

seem, autumn, reason, protégé, espadrilles, law, eau-de-cologne, wine, market, phenomenon, dish, corps, kohlrabi, zinc, chair, kamikaze, plant, ski, prestige, au revoir, kitchen, bishop, society, chivalry, fiancé, garage, joy, happy, aunt, egg, kimono, plant, battle, face, façade, bona fide, poncho.

VI. Explain why the following words are considered to be hybrids:

Date: 2016-06-12; view: 361