Meaning and Polysemy? 26. Semantic Structure of Polysemantic Words.............................................. 33
? 27. Diachronic Approach................................................................................ 34
? 28. Synchronic Approach............................................................................... 35
? 29. Historical Changeability of Semantic Structure......................................... 36
? 30. Polysemy and Arbitrariness of Semantic Structure.......................................... 37
? 31. Summary and Conclusions.............................................................................. 38
Polysemy and Homonymy
? 32. Homonymy of Words and Homonymy of Word-Forms................................. 39
? 33. Classification of Homonyms.................................................................... 40
? 34. Some Peculiarities of Lexico-Grammatical Homonymy............................ 41
? 35. Graphic and Sound-Form of Homonyms ................................................ 42
? 36. Sources of Homonymy............................................................................. 42
? 37. Polysemy and Homonymy: Etymological and Semantic Criteria 43
? 38. Formal Criteria: Distribution and Spelling................................................ 44
? 39. Summary and Conclusions.............................................................................. 45
Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics
? 40. Polysemy and Context..................................................................................... 47
? 41. Lexical Context....................................................................... -................ 48
? 42. Grammatical Context................................................................................. 49
? 43. Extra-Linguistic Context (Context of Situation)........................................ 50
? 44. Common Contextual Associations. Thematic Groups..................................... 50
Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words
? 45. Conceptual (or Semantic) Fields............................................................... 51
? 46. Hyponymic (Hierarchical) Structures and Lexico-semantic Groups 53
? 47. Semantic Equivalence and Synonymy ...................................................... 55
? 48. Criteria of Synonymity.............................................................................. 57
? 49. Patterns of Synonymic Sets in Modern English.............................................. 58
? 50. Semantic Contrasts and Antonymy .......................................................... 59
? 51. Semantic Similarity of Morphemes and Word-Families.................................. 61
? 52. Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................. 62
III. WORD-GROUPS AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Some Basic Features of Word-Groups
? 1.Lexical Valency (Collocability).......................................................................... 64
? 2. Grammatical Valency ,....................................................................................... 66
Structure of Word-Groups
? 3.Distribution as a Criterion of Classification....................................................... 67
Meaning of Word-Groups
? 4.Lexical Meaning................................................................................................ 68
? 5. Structural Meaning............................................................................................ 69
? 6. Interrelation of Lexical and Structural Meaning in Word-Groups 69
Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups
? 7. Syntactic Structure (Formula) and Pattern of Word-Groups ... 70
? 8. Polysemantic and Monosemantic Patterns ......................................................... 71
? 9. Motivation in Word-Groups............................................................................... 71
? 10, Summaryand Conclusions.............................................................................. 72
Phraseological Units
?11. Free Word-Groups, Versus Set-Phrases. Phraseological Units, Idioms,
Word-Equivalents............................................................................................ 74
? 12. Criteria of Stability and Lack of Motivation (Idiomaticity) ... 74
? 13. Classification..................................................................................................... 75
? 14. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 76
? 15. Criterion of Function.......................................................................................... 79
? 16. Phraseological Units and Idioms Proper............................................................ 80
? 17. Some Debatable Points............................................................................. 81
? 18. Criterion of Context........................................................................................... 82
? 19. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 83
? 20. Phraseology as a Subsystem of Language......................................................... 84
? 21. Some Problems of the Diachronic Approach..................................................... 86
? 22. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................ 88
IV. WORD-STRUCTURE
? 1. Segmentation of Words into Morphemes ............................................................ 89
? 2. Principles of Morphemic Analysis. Types of Word Segmentability 89
? 3. Classification of Morphemes............................................................................... 92
? 4. Procedure of Morphemic Analysis ..................................................................... 94
? 5. Morphemic Types of Words ............................................................................... 95
? 6. Derivative Structure ............................................................................................ 95
? 7. Derivative Relations............................................................................................. 96
? 8. Derivational Bases........................................................................... . . 97
? 9. Derivational Affixes........................................................................................... 100
? 10. Semi-Affixes.................................................................................................... 102
? 11. Derivational Patterns.................................... ,.................................................. 103
? 12. Derivational Types of Words........................................................................... 104
? 13. Historical Changeability of Word-Structure .................................................... 105
? 14. Summary and Conclusions............................................................................... 106
V. WORD-FORMATION
Various Ways of Forming Words
? 1.Various Types and Ways of Forming Words..................................................... 108
? 2. Word-Formation. Definition? Basic Peculiarities .............................................. 109
? 3. Word-Formation as the Subject of Study . ........................................................ 111
? 4. Productivity of Word-Formation Means ........................................................... 112
? 5. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................. 114
Affixation
? 6. Definition. Degree of Derivation. Prefixal and Suffixal Derivatives 114
? 7. Prefixation. Some Debatable Problems ............................................................. 115
? 8. Classification of Prefixes......................................................... ..... 117
? 9. Suffixation. Peculiarities of Some Suffixes................................................ 119
? 10. Main Principles of Classification ..................................................................... 120
? 11. Polysemy and Homonymy .............................................................................. 121
? 12. Synonymy........................................................................................................ 122
? 13. Productivity...................................................................................................... 123
? 14. Origin of derivational affixes............................................................................ 125
? 15. Summary and Conclusions................................................................ . 126
Conversion
? 16. Definition.................................................................................................. 127
? 17. Synchronic Approach....................................................................................... 130
? 18. Typical Semantic Relations.............................................................................. 131
? 19. Basic Criteria of Semantic Derivation.............................................................. 133
? 20. Diachronic Approach of Conversion. Origin............................................ 136
? 21. Productivity. Traditional and Occasional Conversion. ...... 138
? 22. Conversion and Sound-(Stress-) Interchange.................................................. 139
? 23. Summary and Conclusions . . . ................................................................ 140
Word-Composition
? 24. Compounding........................................................................................... 140
? 25. Structure.................................................................................................... 141
? 26. Meaning........................................................................................................... 143
? 27. Structural Meaning of the Pattern.................................................................... 144
? 28. The Meaning of Compounds. Motivation ....................................................... 145
? 29. Classification................................................................................................... 146
? 30. Relations between the ICs of Compounds....................................................... 146
? 31. Different Parts of Speech ................................................................................ 147
? 32. Means of Composition.............................................................................. 148
? 33. Types of Bases................................................................................................ 149
? 34. Correlation between Compounds and Free Phrases ........................................ 151
? 35. Correlation Types of Compounds ................................................................... 154
? 36. Sources of Compounds................................................................................... 158
? 37. Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................... 158
Date: 2016-06-12; view: 87
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