Meaning and Polysemy

? 26. Semantic Structure of Polysemantic Words.............................................. 33

? 27. Diachronic Approach................................................................................ 34

? 28. Synchronic Approach............................................................................... 35

? 29. Historical Changeability of Semantic Structure......................................... 36

? 30. Polysemy and Arbitrariness of Semantic Structure.......................................... 37

? 31. Summary and Conclusions.............................................................................. 38

Polysemy and Homonymy

? 32. Homonymy of Words and Homonymy of Word-Forms................................. 39

? 33. Classification of Homonyms.................................................................... 40

? 34. Some Peculiarities of Lexico-Grammatical Homonymy............................ 41

? 35. Graphic and Sound-Form of Homonyms ................................................ 42

? 36. Sources of Homonymy............................................................................. 42

? 37. Polysemy and Homonymy: Etymological and Semantic Criteria 43

? 38. Formal Criteria: Distribution and Spelling................................................ 44

? 39. Summary and Conclusions.............................................................................. 45

Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics

? 40. Polysemy and Context..................................................................................... 47

? 41. Lexical Context....................................................................... -................ 48

? 42. Grammatical Context................................................................................. 49

? 43. Extra-Linguistic Context (Context of Situation)........................................ 50

? 44. Common Contextual Associations. Thematic Groups..................................... 50

Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words

? 45. Conceptual (or Semantic) Fields............................................................... 51

? 46. Hyponymic (Hierarchical) Structures and Lexico-semantic Groups 53

? 47. Semantic Equivalence and Synonymy ...................................................... 55

? 48. Criteria of Synonymity.............................................................................. 57

? 49. Patterns of Synonymic Sets in Modern English.............................................. 58

? 50. Semantic Contrasts and Antonymy .......................................................... 59

? 51. Semantic Similarity of Morphemes and Word-Families.................................. 61

? 52. Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................. 62

III. WORD-GROUPS AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Some Basic Features of Word-Groups

? 1.Lexical Valency (Collocability).......................................................................... 64

? 2. Grammatical Valency ,....................................................................................... 66

Structure of Word-Groups

? 3.Distribution as a Criterion of Classification....................................................... 67

Meaning of Word-Groups

? 4.Lexical Meaning................................................................................................ 68

? 5. Structural Meaning............................................................................................ 69

? 6. Interrelation of Lexical and Structural Meaning in Word-Groups 69

Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups

? 7. Syntactic Structure (Formula) and Pattern of Word-Groups ... 70

? 8. Polysemantic and Monosemantic Patterns ......................................................... 71

? 9. Motivation in Word-Groups............................................................................... 71

? 10, Summaryand Conclusions.............................................................................. 72

Phraseological Units

?11. Free Word-Groups, Versus Set-Phrases. Phraseological Units, Idioms,

Word-Equivalents............................................................................................ 74

? 12. Criteria of Stability and Lack of Motivation (Idiomaticity) ... 74

? 13. Classification..................................................................................................... 75

? 14. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 76

? 15. Criterion of Function.......................................................................................... 79

? 16. Phraseological Units and Idioms Proper............................................................ 80

? 17. Some Debatable Points............................................................................. 81

? 18. Criterion of Context........................................................................................... 82

? 19. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 83

? 20. Phraseology as a Subsystem of Language......................................................... 84

? 21. Some Problems of the Diachronic Approach..................................................... 86

? 22. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................ 88

IV. WORD-STRUCTURE

? 1. Segmentation of Words into Morphemes ............................................................ 89

? 2. Principles of Morphemic Analysis. Types of Word Segmentability 89

? 3. Classification of Morphemes............................................................................... 92

? 4. Procedure of Morphemic Analysis ..................................................................... 94

? 5. Morphemic Types of Words ............................................................................... 95

? 6. Derivative Structure ............................................................................................ 95

? 7. Derivative Relations............................................................................................. 96

? 8. Derivational Bases........................................................................... . . 97

? 9. Derivational Affixes........................................................................................... 100

? 10. Semi-Affixes.................................................................................................... 102

? 11. Derivational Patterns.................................... ,.................................................. 103

? 12. Derivational Types of Words........................................................................... 104

? 13. Historical Changeability of Word-Structure .................................................... 105

? 14. Summary and Conclusions............................................................................... 106

V. WORD-FORMATION

Various Ways of Forming Words

? 1.Various Types and Ways of Forming Words..................................................... 108

? 2. Word-Formation. Definition? Basic Peculiarities .............................................. 109

? 3. Word-Formation as the Subject of Study . ........................................................ 111

? 4. Productivity of Word-Formation Means ........................................................... 112

? 5. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................. 114

Affixation

? 6. Definition. Degree of Derivation. Prefixal and Suffixal Derivatives 114

? 7. Prefixation. Some Debatable Problems ............................................................. 115

? 8. Classification of Prefixes......................................................... ..... 117

? 9. Suffixation. Peculiarities of Some Suffixes................................................ 119

? 10. Main Principles of Classification ..................................................................... 120

? 11. Polysemy and Homonymy .............................................................................. 121

? 12. Synonymy........................................................................................................ 122

? 13. Productivity...................................................................................................... 123

? 14. Origin of derivational affixes............................................................................ 125

? 15. Summary and Conclusions................................................................ . 126

Conversion

? 16. Definition.................................................................................................. 127

? 17. Synchronic Approach....................................................................................... 130

? 18. Typical Semantic Relations.............................................................................. 131

? 19. Basic Criteria of Semantic Derivation.............................................................. 133

? 20. Diachronic Approach of Conversion. Origin............................................ 136

? 21. Productivity. Traditional and Occasional Conversion. ...... 138

? 22. Conversion and Sound-(Stress-) Interchange.................................................. 139

? 23. Summary and Conclusions . . . ................................................................ 140

Word-Composition

? 24. Compounding........................................................................................... 140

? 25. Structure.................................................................................................... 141

? 26. Meaning........................................................................................................... 143

? 27. Structural Meaning of the Pattern.................................................................... 144

? 28. The Meaning of Compounds. Motivation ....................................................... 145

? 29. Classification................................................................................................... 146

? 30. Relations between the ICs of Compounds....................................................... 146

? 31. Different Parts of Speech ................................................................................ 147

? 32. Means of Composition.............................................................................. 148

? 33. Types of Bases................................................................................................ 149

? 34. Correlation between Compounds and Free Phrases ........................................ 151

? 35. Correlation Types of Compounds ................................................................... 154

? 36. Sources of Compounds................................................................................... 158

? 37. Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................... 158

Date: 2016-06-12; view: 96