Biochemistry of Hormones

1. A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyroidism. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied with hypoxia similar symptoms – headache, fatigue, eye flicker. Find out the result for the influence of high level of thyroid hormones on tissue respiration causing the development of hypoxia similar symptoms:

A. Specific binding of active centers of respiratory enzymes

B. Intensification of respiratory enzymes synthesis

C. Competitive inhibition of respiratory enzymes

D. Inhibition of respiratory enzymes synthesis

E. *Uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation

2. A 2 y.o child has convulsions as a result of reduced concentration of calcium ions in the blood plasma. It is caused by the reduced function of:

A. Adrenal cortex

B. Pineal gland

C. *Parathyroid glands

D. Hypophysis

E. Thymus

3. A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substances play the leading part in origin of this phenomenon?

A. *Leukotrienes

B. Histamine

C. Serotonin

D. Bradykinin

E. Interleukin

4. Examination of a patient revealed hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?

A. *Aldosterone

B. Parathyroid hormone

C. Atrial natriuretic peptide

D. Cortisol

E. Vasopressin

5. Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is it?

A. Glucagon

B. Insulin

C. Cortisol

D. *Thyroxin

E. Somatotropin

6. A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, increase of body weight. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP- 165/100 mm Hg, height -164 cm, weight -103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenic mechanism of obesity?

A. Decreased production of glucagon

B. *Decreased production of thyroid hormones

C. Increased production of mineral corticoids

D. Increased production of insulin

E. Increased production of glucocorticoids

7. Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:

A. Biogenic amines

B. T₃ and T₄

C. Somatomedins

D. Insulin-like growth factors

E. *Prostaglandins

8. A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?

A. *Impaired synthesis of calcitriol

B. Inreased excretion of calcium

C. Hypofunction of parathyroid glands

D. Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands

E. Lack of calcium in food

9. The intake of oral contraceptives containing sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysial hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while taking oral contraceptives?

A. Thyrotropic

B. Somatotropic

C. Oxytocin

D. *Follicle-stimulating

E. Vasopressin

10. A 2-year-old child experienced convulsions because of calcium ions concentration decrease in the blood plasma. Function of what structure is decreased?

A. Pineal gland

B. Thymus

C. Hypophysis

D. Adrenal cortex

E. *Parathyroid glands

11. Some diseases reveal symptoms of aldosteronism with hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism?

A. Hypophysis

B. Testicle

C. Ovaries

D. Pancreas

E. *Adrenal glands

12. A man after 1,5 liter blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of what hormone caused this diuresis alteration?

A. *Vasopressin

B. Corticotrophin

C. Cortisol

D. Parathormone

E. Natriuretic

13. A 2-year-old child experienced convulsions because of calcium ions concentration decrease in the blood plasma. Functi­on of what structure is decreased?

A. Pineal gland

B. Thymus

C. Hypophysis

D. Adrenal cortex

E. *Parathyroid glands

14. The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:

A. Diacylglycerol

B. cAMP

C. Inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate

D. Ca²⁺

E. *Glycerol

15. A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum?

A. ACTH

B. Mineralocorticoids

C. Cortisol

D. Insulin

E. *Thyroxine

16. Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of duodenum removal?

A. Neurotensin

B. Gastrin and histamine

C. *Cholecystokinin and secretin

D. Gastrin

E. Histamine

17. A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such changes?

A. Adrenalin

B. *Aldosterone

C. Vasopressin

D. Auricular sodiumuretic factor

E. Parathormone

18. Testosterone and its analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?

A. Membrane receptors

B. Chromatin

C. Ribosomes

D. Proteins-activators of transcription

E. *Nuclear receptors

19. Periodic renal colics attacks are observed in a woman with primary hyperparathyroidizm. Ultrasonic exami­nation revealed small stones in the kidneys. What is the most plausible reason of the stones's formation?

A. Hyperphosphatemia

B. *Hypercalcemia

C. Hypercholesterinemia

D. Hyperuricemia

E. Hyperkalemia

20. There is only one hormone among neurohormones which refers to the derivatives of amino acids according to classification. Point out it:

A. *Melatonin

B. Vasopressin

C. Oxytocin

D. Thyroliberin

E. Somatotropin

21. Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?

A. Of oestrogen

B. Of progesterone

C. Of somatotropin

D. *Of testosterone

E. Of cortisol

22. Thyrotoxicosis leads to increased production of thyroidal hormones Tз and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on. How do thyroidal hormones influence energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?

A. Stop respiratory chain

B. Activate oxidative phosphorylation

C. Stop substrate phosphorylation

D. Activate substrate phosphorylation

E. *Disconnect oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation

23. Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?

A. Vasopressin

B. Hormonal form D₃

C. Thyrocalcitonin

D. Aldosterone

E. *Parathormone

24. People adapted to high external temperatures have such peculiarity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the respiratory glands:

A. Cortisol

B. Natriuretic

C. *Aldosterone

D. Vasopressin

E. Thyroxin

25. A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger.Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?

A. Hypercorticoid

B. *Adrenal

C. Alimentary

D. Hypoinsulinemic

E. Somatotropic

26. The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely in patient?

A. Glycogen storage disease type I

B. Steroidal subtype of diabetes mellitus*

C. Addison`s disease

D. Myxedema

E. Insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus

27. A 0.9% solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes in endocrine system:

A. Increase of Aldosterone secretion

B. Decrease of Aldosterone secretion*

C. Increase of Vasopressin secretion

D. Vasopressin synthesis is disturbed

E. Increase of atrial natriuretic factor synthesis*

28. A 32-year-old female patient was consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:

A. Calcitonin

B. Vasopressin

C. Prolactin*

D. Somatotropin

E. Glucagon

29. What pituitary gland hormone secretion will be inhibited in female after taking the oral contraceptives containing sex hormones?

A. Growth hormone

B. Gonadotropin*

C. Thyroid stimulating hormone

D. Vasopressin

E. Oxytocin

30. Tissue inositol triphosphate is generated as a result of the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate hydrolysis and act as secondary agent (mediator) in the mechanism of hormone action. It`s effect in cells is directed at:

A. Phosphodiesterase inhibition

B. Protein kinase A inhibition

C. Protein kinase A activation

D. Calcium ion liberation from cellular deport*

E. Adenylate cyclase activation

31.To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?

A. Thyroid

B. Sexual hormones

C. Glucocorticoids*

D. Catecholamines

E. Mineralocorticoids

32. A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this patient?

A. Reduced production of parathormone

B. Increased production of thyroliberin

C. Reduced production of thyroxin*

D. Increased production of calcitonin

E. Increased production of thyroxin

33.A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/l (norm is 300 mOsmol/l). This will cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:

A. Aldosterone

B. Adrenocorticotropin

C. Natriuretic*

D. Cortisol.

E. Vasopressin

34. Examination of a patient revealed overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissues, tongue enlargement, wide interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch. What changes of the hormonal secretion are the most likely?

A. Hyposecretion of thyroxin

B. Hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone*

C. Hypersecretion of insulin

D. Hyposecretion of insulin

E. Hyposecretion of the somatotropic hormone

35. A middle-aged man went to a foreign country because he had been offered a job there. However he had been unemployed for quite a long time. What endocrine glands were exhausted most of all in this man?

A. Substernal gland

B. Parathyroid glands

C. Seminal glands

D. Thyroid gland

E. Adrenal glands*

36. Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotrophin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:

A. Neuroglobulin

B. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)*

C. Neuroalbumin

D. Neurostromin

E. Thyroglobulin

37. A 32-year-old female patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:

A. Glucagon

B. Prolactin*

C. Vasopressin

D. Somatotropin

E. Thyrocalcitonin

38. A 26-year old woman at 40 weeks pregnant has been delivered to the maternity ward. Objectively: the uterine cervix is opened, but the contractions are absent. The doctor has administrated her a hormonal drug to stimulate the labor. Name this drug:

1. Testosterone
2. Oxytocin*
3. Hydrocortisone
4. ACTH
5. Estrone

39. Deficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids in the body leads to the skin damage, hear loss, delayed wound healing, thrombocytopenia, low resistance to infections. These changes are most likely to be caused by impaired synthesis of the following substance:

1. Corticosteroids
2. Interferons
3. Interleukins
4. Eicosanoids *
5. Catecholamines

40. A 60-year old patient with a long history of stenocardia takes coronarodilator agents. He has also been administrated acetylsalicylic acid to reduce platelet aggregation. What is the mechanism of anti-platelet action of acetylsalicylic acid?

1. It has membrane stabilizing effect
2. It enhances the synthesis of prostacyclin
3. It reduces the activity of cyclooxygenase*
4. It reduces the activity of phosphodiesterase
5. It enhances the activity of platelet adenylate cyclase

41. A 19-year old male was found to have an elevated level of potassium in the secondary urine. These changes might have been caused by the increase in the following hormone level:

1. Oxytocin
2. Glucagon
3. Aldosterone *
4. Adrenalin
5. Testosterone

42. A patient has been administrated an anti-inflammatory drug that blocks the action of cyclooxygenase. Specify this anti-inflammatory agent:

1. Analgene
2. Thiamin
3. Aspirin *
4. Allopurinol
5. Creatine

43. A patient with the signs of osteoporosis and urobithiasis has been admitted to the endocrinology department. Blood test revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of the following hormone:

1. Calcitonin
2. Cortisol
3. Calcitriol
4. Aldosterone
5. Parathyroid hormone *

44. A patient who had been continuously taking drugs blocking the production of angiotensin II developed bradycardia and arrhythmia. A likely cause of these disorders is:

1. Hypercalcemia
2. Hypernatremia
3. Hypocalcemia
4. Hypokalemia
5. Hyperkalemia*

45. As a result of home injury, a patient suffered a significant blood loss, which led to a fall in blood pressure. Rapid blood pressure recovery after the blood loss is provided by the following hormones:

1. Cortisol
2. Aldosterone
3. Adrenalin, vasopressin *
4. Sex hormones
5. Oxytocin

46. A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to the endocrinology department. Blood test has revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of the following hormone:

*Parathyroid hormone

Calcitriol

Cortisol

Calcitonin

Aldosterone

47. A 41-year-old male patient has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating, headaches, Examination reveled hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical for the following adrenal pathology:

Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex

*Hyperfunction of the medulla

Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex

Primaty aldosteronism

Hypofunction of the medulla

48. A 4-year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets; vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?

Impaired synthesis of calcitriol*

Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands

Hypofunction of parathyroid glands

Lack of calcium in food

Increased excretion of calcium

49. Prior to glucose utilization in cells it is transported inside cells from extracellular space through plasmatic membrane. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:

Insulin*

Adrenalin

Thyroxin

Aldosterone

Glucagon

50. Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended with blood which resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor on kidneys:

Natriuretic peptide*

Vasopressin

Renin

Aldosterone

Angiotensin

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 3016