SECTION IV. LIST OF PROPER NAMES

Unit 1. The Wonders of the Ancient World

Alexandria- [æligˈzændriə] - the chief port of Egypt, located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt.

Amytis - [əˈmaiətis] – a daughter of the king of Medes. She was married to King Nebuchadnezzar.

Antigonid - [ənˈtigənid] - the ruling house of ancient Macedonia (306–168). Antigonus I was proclaimed king in 306 BC after his son Demetrius conquered Cyprus, thus giving his father control of the Aegean, the eastern Mediterranean, and most of the Middle East.

Artemis - [ˈa:timis] - the virgin goddess of the hunt, the Moon and childbirth, the twin sister of Apollo; her Roman counterpart was Diana.

Avebury - [ˈeɪvbərɪ] - a village in Wiltshire, site of an extensive neolithic stone circle.

Aztec - [ˈæztək] - a member of a Nahuatl-speaking ethnic group that ruled much of central and Southern Mexico prior to the Spanish conquest in 1521.

Babylon - [ˈbæbɪlən] - the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia, first settled around 3000 BC.

Baghdad - [bægˈdæd] - the capital of Iraq, on the River Tigris; it was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate for a long period (762-1258).

Carthage - [ˈkɑːθɪdʒ] - an ancient city-state in North Africa near modern Tunis, it was founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th century BC; destroyed 146 BC in the last Punic War.

Colossus of Rhodes - [kəˈlɔsəsˌəvˈrəʊdz] - a giant bronze statue of Apollo built on Rhodes in about 292-280 BC; destroyed by an earthquake in 225 BC.

Constantinople - [kɔnstæntiˈnəupl] – the capital city of the eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. It was founded in 330 AD as the new capital the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great.

Ephesus - [ˈefisəs] - a major trading city on the Western coast of Asia Minor.

Euphrates - [ju:ˈfreit:z] - one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Originating in eastern Turkey, the Euphrates flows through Syria and Iraq to join the Tigris in the Shatt al-Arab, which empties into the Persian Gulf.

Halicarnassus - [ˌhælɪkɑːˈnæsəs] - an ancient Greek city on the southwestern coast of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey.

Helios - [ˈhiːlɪəs] - an ancient god of the sun; he drove his chariot across the sky each day; identified with Roman Sol.

Herostratus - [hiˈrɔstritəs] - a man who burned the Temple of Artemis in 356 BC, which was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World, in order to make his name immortal.

Iraq - [ɪˈrɑːk] - a country in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq.

Macedonia - [ˌmæsɪˈdəunɪə] - an ancient kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, in SE Europe: now a region in Northern Greece, South West Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia.

Mediterranean Sea - [ˌmeditəˈreiniənˈsi:] - a sea connected to the Atlantic and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant.

Nebuchadnezzer - [nebəkədˈnezə] - a king of Babylon, 605-562 BC, who conquered and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Jews to Babylon.

Nineveh - [ˈnɪnɪvə] - An ancient city of Assyria (VII century BC) on the Tigris River opposite the site of present-day Mosul, Iraq. The city was captured and destroyed by Babylonia in 612 BC.

Persia - [ˈpəːʃə] - an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC; the former name of Iran (until 1935).

Teotihuacan - [ˌteɪəutiwɑˈkɑn] - an ancient city of central Mexico northeast of present-day Mexico City. Its ruins include the Pyramid of the Sun and the Temple of Quetzalcoatl.

UNESCO - [juːˈneskəʊ] - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; an agency of the United Nations that sponsors programmes to promote education, the arts, etc.

Zeus - [ˈzjuːs] - the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods; counterpart of Roman Jupiter.

Unit 2. Ancient Egypt

Ahmose I - [ˈa:məus] - a pharaoh and founder of the 18 th dynasty (reigned c. 1549-1524 BC).

Akhenaten - [ˌækəˈnɑːtən] - the king of 18 th dynasty Egypt, who rejected the old gods and initiated a monotheistic worship of the sun-god Aton.

Amenemhet I - [aˈmenəmhət] - the first ruler of the 12 th Dynasty (the dynasty considered to be the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt); he ruled from 1991 BC to 1962 BC.

Amun - [ˈɑːmən] - a major Egyptian deity, meaning "the hidden one".

Anubis - [əˈnjuːbɪs] - an Egyptian god of tombs and ruler of the underworld; usually depicted as a man with the head of a jackal.

Bastet - [ˈba:stət] - an ancient Egyptian goddess, daughter of Ra, often depicted as a lioness or cat.

Cambyses II - [kæmˈbaisi:s] - a king of Persia (reigned 529-522 BC), who conquered Egypt in 525.

Cheops (Khufu) - [ˈkiɔps], [`ku:fu:] - the second king of the IV Dynasty of Egypt, renowned as the builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza (2590-2567 BC).

Chepren (Khafre) - [`kefrən], [ˈkæfrei] – the Egyptian king of the fourth dynasty,son of Cheops.

Cleopatra - [kliəˈpətrə] - the Egyptian Queen, last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Daughter of Ptolemy XII, he had a son - Ptolemy XV or Caesarion (69-30 BC).

Gaius Julius Caesar [ˈgaɪəsˈdʒuːliəsˈsiːzɚ] - a Roman general and statesman; He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire (reigned 49-44 BC).

Giza - [ˈgizə] - an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo.

Hathor - [ˈhæθɔː] - the mother of Horus and goddess of creation.

Hatshepsut - [hætˈʃepsuːt] - a queen, the fifth pharaoh of l8th dynasty;

Heket - [ˈhi:kət] – an Egyptian goddess of childbirth, she looks like a frog; she is RA's daughter and the wife of Khnum.

Horus - [ˈhɔːrəs] - a solar god of Egyptian mythology, usually depicted with a falcon's head.

Hyksos - [ˈhɪksɔs] - a member of a nomadic Asian people, probably Semites, who controlled Egypt from 1720 BC until 1560 BC, they introduced horses and chariots into Egypt.

Imhotep - [ɪmˈhəʊtəp] - Egyptian architect, astrologer and physician. After his death he was worshipped as a god.

Isis - [ˈaɪsɪs] - an ancient Egyptian goddess of fertility, the sister and wife of Osiris.

Menes - [ˈmiːniːz] - the first king of Egypt and founder of the first dynasty (circa 3200 BC).

Menkaure (Mykerinos) - [ˈmenkɔː], [mikəˈrainəs] – the king of the IV dynasty, the successor of Khafre; he built the third pyramid at Giza.

Nile - [nail] - a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world (6,650 km). The Nile flows in eleven countries.

Nubian - [ˈnjuːbɪən] - an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan)

Octavian Augustus - [əkteiˈviən ɔˈgʌstəs] - the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.

Osiris - [əʊˈsaɪrɪs] - an ancient Egyptian god, ruler of the underworld and judge of the dead.

Ptolemy I - [ˈtɔlɪmɪ] - a general in Alexander the Great's army who succeeded him as ruler of Egypt

Ramesses II - [ˈra:mzi:s]- a king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments.

Tefnut - [ˈtefnut] - a goddess of moisture, moist air, dew and rain; she is the sister and consort of the air god Shu and the mother of Geb and Nut.

Theodosius - [θiəˈdəuʃiəs] - the last emperor of a united Roman Empire, he took control of the eastern empire and ended the war with the Visigoths; he became a Christian and in 391 banned all forms of pagan worship (346-395).

Thoth - [təʊt] - an god of learning and magic, represented as a man with the head of an ibis.

Thutmose III - [tutˈmɔs] - the sixth pharaoh the 18th dynasty, who completed the conquest of Syria and dominated the Middle East.

Tutankhamun - [tu:taŋˈkamən] - an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, reigned circa 1361-1352 BC. His tomb, containing a wealth of rich and varied contents, was discovered virtually intact by the English archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922.

Zoser (Djoser) - [ˈzəusə] - an ancient Egyptian pharaoh and founder of the III Dynasty; according to the latest findings, he ruled from circa 2780 to 2760 BC.

Unit 3. Ancient Greece

Aegean Sea - [i:ˈdʒi:ənˈsi:] - the sea between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey.

Aeschylus- [ˈi:skələs] - a Greek poet and playwright regarded as the father of Greek tragedy. Seven of his plays are extant, including’ Seven Against Thebes’, ‘The Persians’, ‘Prometheus Bound’ and the trilogy of the ‘Oresteia’ (525-456 BC).

Albania - [ælˈbeiniə] - a country in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. The capital of the country is Tirana.

Aphrodite -[ˈæfrəˈdaiti] - the goddess of love and beauty.

Apollo - [əˈpɔləu] - the Greek god of light, prophecy, poetry, music and healing; a son of Zeus and Leto and a twin brother of Artemis.

Apoxyomenos - [əpɔksiˈɔmi:nəs] or “The Scraper” - is the sculpture maid by Lysippus.

Archilochus - [ɑːˈkɪləkəs] - a Greek lyric poet from the island of Paros in the Archaic period (c. 680-645 BC).

Archimedes - [ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz] - a Greek mathematician, physicist and inventor (circa 287-212 BC).

Ares -[ˈeəri:z] - the Greek war god, the son of Zeus and Hera.

Aristophanes -[æriˈstɔfəni:z] - a Greek playwright, Athenian comic poet, the greatest of the ancient writers of comedy (448-388 BC).

Aristotle - [æriˌstɔtəl] - a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great (384–322 BC).

Artemis -[ˈa:timis] - the virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon, the twin sister of Apollo.

Asia Minor - [`mainəˈeiʃə] - a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey.

Athena- [əˈθi:ni] - the goddess of wisdom, the practical arts and warfare.

Athenian - [əˈθi:niən] - a resident of Athens.

Athens - [ˈæθinz] - the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning around 3,400 years.

Bulgaria - [bʌlˈgeəriə] - officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. The capital of the country is Sofia.

Byzantium - [biˈzæntiəm] - the ancient Greek city on the site that later became Constantinople (modern Istanbul). It was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC.

Cleisthenes - [ˈklaɪsθəˌniːz] - an Athenian statesman who democratized the political structure of Athens (circa 515-495 BC).

Constantine the Great - [`kɔnstəntain] - a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to be converted to Christianity (272-337).

Corinth - [ˈkɔrinθ] - a city-state (polis) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta.

Corinthian - [kəˈrinθiən] - a resident of Corinth.

Corsica - [ˈkɔ:sikə] - a French island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located to the west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland and north of the Italian island of Sardinia.

Cronus -[ˈkrəunəs] - a Titan who ruled the universe until dethroned by his son Zeus.

Cupid - [ˈkju:pid] - the Roman god of erotic love.

Cyprus - [ˈsaiprəs] - officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea after Sicily and Sardinia. The capital of the country is Nicosia.

Demeter -[diˈmi:tə] - the goddess of agricultural fertility and protector of marriage and women.

Democritus - [diˈmokrətəs] - an Ancient Greek philosopher (circa 460-370 BC).

Demosthenes - [dɪˈmɔsθəniːz] – an Athenian orator and statesman (384-322 BC).

Diana - [daɪˈænə] - the virgin Roman goddess of hunting and childbirth traditionally associated with the moon and identified with the Greek Artemis.

Diocletian - [daiəˈkliʃn] - a Roman emperor, who divided the empire into four administrative units (293) and instigated the last severe persecution of the Christians (303) (284-305 ).

Dionysus - [ˌdaɪəˈnaɪzɪs] - the god of wine, also called Bacchus.

Electra - the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra who incited Orestes to kill Clytemnestra.

Epicurean - [əpiˈkjuri:ən] - a follower of the philosophy of Epicurus (Greek philosopher - 341-270 BC), who held that the highest good is pleasure.

Epicurus - [əpiˈkju:rəs] - a Greek philosopher (341-270 BC).

Euclid - [ˈjuːklɪd] - a Greek mathematician, known primarily for his highly influential treatise on geometry, ‘The Elements’ (circa 300 BC).

Euripides -[juˈripiˌdi:z] - one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles (480-406 BC).

Euripides - [jʊˈrɪpɪˌdiːz] - a Greek playwright (480-406 BC).

Hades -[ˈheidi:z] -the god of the underworld; a brother of Zeus and a husband of Persephone.

Hephaestus -[hiˈfi:stəs] - the lame god of fire and metalworking, the Roman counterpart - Vulcan.

Hera -[ˈhiərə]-the goddess of women, marriage and childbirth; a wife and sister of Zeus.

Heracles - [ˈherakliz] - a Greek a hero noted for his great strength, courage and for the performance of twelve immense labours.

Hercules - [ˈhə:kjuli:z] - the Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Zeus (Roman equivalent Jupiter) and the mortal Alcmene.

Hermes - [ˈhə:mi:s] - the god of commerce, invention, who also served as messenger.

Herodotus -[hiˈrɔdətəs] - the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BC).

Hesiod - [ˈhiːsiəd] or [ˈhɛsiəd] - a Greek oral poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

Hestia -[ˈhestiə] - the goddess of the hearth, a daughter of Cronus and Rhea.

Hippocrates - [hiˈpɔkrəti:z] - a Greek physician, regarded as the father of medicine 460-377 BC).

Homer -[ˈhəʊmə] - the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets (born - 8^th century BC).

Iliad -[ˈiliəd] - an ancient Greek epic poem by Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.

Illyria - [iˈliəriə] - in classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians.

Ionian Sea - [aiˈəuniən `si:] - the sea to the south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania to the north, and west coast of Greece. All major islands in the sea belong to Greece.

Ionic style - [aiˈɔnik] - a classical order of architecture characterized by a column with scroll shapes (volutes) on either side of the capital.

Isocrates - [aɪˈsɔkrəˌtiːz] - an Athenian rhetorician and orator (436-338 BC).

Istanbul - [istænˈbu:l] - the largest city in Turkey, it was founded around 660 BC as Byzantium. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires: the Roman Empire (330–395), the Byzantine Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261) and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922).

Jason - [ˈdʒeɪsən] - a Greek hero who led the Argonauts in quest of the Golden Fleece. He became the husband of Medea, whom he later abandoned for Glauce.

Jesus Christ - [ˌdʒiːzəsˈkraɪst] - the man on whose ideas Christianity is based. Christians believe he was the son of God.

Juno - [ˈdʒunəu] - a Roman goddess associated with women and childbirth and identified with the Greek goddess Hera.

Justinian I - [dʒʌstiniən] - commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire (482-565).

Leto -[ˈlitəu]-a wife of Zeus and mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Libya - [ˈlibiə] - a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The capital of Turkey is Tripoli.

Lysias - [ˈlɪsɪˌæs] - an Attic orator, a son of Cephalus, a Syracusan (445-380 BC).

Lysippus -[ˈlisipəs] - a Greek sculptor (circa 360-320 BC).

Macedonia - [mæsiˈdəuniə] - officially the Republic of Macedonia, is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. The capital of the country is Skopje.

Marmara Sea - [ˈma:mərə] - the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosporus strait connects it to the Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean. The Sea has an area of 11,350 km² (280 km x 80 km).

Mars - [ma:z] - the Roman god of war and agriculture; a father of Romulus and Remus; a counterpart of Greek Ares.

Marseille - [ma:ˈseilz] - the second largest city in France, after Paris.

Mercury - [ˈməːkjʊrɪ] – the Roman god, a messenger of Jupiter and god of commerce; a counterpart of Greek Hermes.

Messenia - [məˈsiːnɪə] - the southwestern area of the Peloponnese in South Greece.

Minerva - [mɪˈnəːvə] - the Roman goddess of wisdom; a counterpart of Greek Athena.

Minoan civilization - [mɪˈnəʊən] - the Bronze Age culture of Crete from about 3000 BC to about 1100 BC.

Naples - [ˈneiplz] - the capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. Bronze Age Greek settlements were established on the site in the 2nd millennium BC.

Neptune - [nepˈtu:n] - the Roman god of the sea; a counterpart of Greek Poseidon.

Odyssey -[ˈɔdisi] - an epic poem attributed to Homer, describing Odysseus's adventures in his ten-year attempt to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War.

Oedipus - [ˈiːdɪpəs] - a legendary king of Thebes, the son of Laius and Jocasta, who fulfilled a prophecy made at his birth by unwittingly killing his father and marrying his mother.

Orpheus - [ˈɔːfɪəs] - a great musician; when his wife Eurydice died he went to Hades to get her back but failed.

Parthenon - [ˈpaːθənən] - a temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the maiden goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron deity. Its construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the height of its power and it was completed in 438 BC.

Peloponnese - [ˌpɛləpəˈniːs] - the southern peninsula of Greece; dominated by Sparta until the 4th century BC.

Peloponnesian War - [ˌpeləpəˈni:ʃən] - a decisive struggle in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BC).

Pericles - [ˈperɪˌkliːz] – an Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon (circa 495–429 BC).

Persian Wars -[ˈpə:ʃən] -series of wars (492-449 BC) between Greek states and Persia, particularly two invasions of Greece by Persia (490, 480–479).

Phidias - [ˈfidiæs] - Athenian sculptor who supervised work on the Parthenon (circa 500-432 BC).

Plato - [`pleitəu] – an ancient Athenian philosopher; the pupil of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC).

Pluto - [plu:ˈtəu] - the Roman god of the dead and the ruler of the underworld; a counterpart of Greek Hades.

Polybius - [pəˈlɪbiəs] - a Greek statesman and historian (200-118 BC).

Poseidon -[pɔˈsaidən] - the god of the sea and earthquakes; a brother of Zeus, Hades and Hera.

Praxiteles - [prækˈsitiˌli:z] – an ancient Greek sculptor (circa 370-330 BC).

Pythagoras - [paiˈθægərəs] - a Greek philosopher and mathematician (580-500 BC).

Rhea -[riə] - a Titan, a wife of Cronus and mother of Zeus, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera and Hades.

Sappho - [ˈsæfəʊ] - a Greek lyric poet, born on the island of Lesbos. The Alexandrians included her in the list of nine lyric poets (630-570 BC).

Sicily - [ˈsisili] - the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, located to the south of Italy.

Socrates - [`sɔkrəˈti:z] - a classical Greek Athenian philosopher whose beliefs are known only through the writings of his pupils Plato and Xenophon (469-399 BC).

Solon - [ˈsəʊlən] - an Athenian statesman, who introduced economic, political and legal reforms (circa 638-558 BC).

Sophocles -[ˈsɔːfəkli:z] - a Greek dramatist, the author of seven extant tragedies (496-406 BC).

Sparta - [`spaːtə] - or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese.

Stoic -[ˈstəuik] - a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium, the Greek philosopher (336-264 BC), holding that virtue and happiness can be attained only by submission to destiny and the natural law.

Sulla - [ˈsʌlə] - a Roman general and statesman, a dictator from 82 till 79 BC; (138-78 BC).

Syracuse - [ˈsirəkju:z] - an ancient Greek city-state, located in the southeastern part of Sicily.

Thebes - [θi:bz] - a city in Boeotia, central Greece. It played an important role in Greek myth, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus and others.

Theogony - [θɪˈɔgənɪ] - the work of Hesiod, this word means ‘an account of the origin and genealogy of the gods’.

Thucydides - [θuːˈsɪdɪˌdiːz] – a Greek historian and politician, distinguished for his ‘History of the Peloponnesian War’ (circa 460-395 BC).

Thucydides - [θuːˈsɪdɪˌdiːz] - ancient Greek historian and politician remembered for his ‘History of the Peloponnesian War’ (460-395 BC).

Troy (Ilium) - [ˈtrɔi] - an ancient city in northwestern Anatolia (Asia Minor).

Turkey - [ˈtə:ki] - officially the Republic of Turkey, it is bordered by 8 countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The capital of Turkey is Ankara.

Venus - [ˈvi:nəs] - the Roman goddess of love, beauty, fertility and prosperity; a counterpart of Greek Aphrodite.

Vesta - [ˈvestə] - the Roman goddess of hearth; a counterpart of Greek Hestia.

Vulcan - [ˈvʌlkən] - the Roman god of fire and metal working; a counterpart of Greek Hephaestus.

Xenophon -[ˈzenəfən] - a Greek general and historian, a disciple of Socrates (431-355 BC).

Xerxes - [ˈzə:ksiz] - a king of Persia (485-465), who led a vast army against Greece (519-465 BC).

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1023