Name the causes, symptoms and treatment of the brain stroke.

a) Causes: (look quest. 23);

b) Symptoms: severe headache, confusion; numbness & weakness of the face, arms and legs; blurred vision; loss of balance & coordination, trouble walking. If this is a mini-stroke, the symptoms may disappear in 24 hours.

c) Treatment: patient should be provided with the first aid (lay down the victim, turn the head to one side, control ABC; aspirin or heparin should be given) - if this is an ischaemic stroke. Also the rehabilitation period is very important: speech therapy, occupational & physical therapy and education of family members.

25. What are the complications of brain stroke? What do they depend on?

a) Partial or full paralysis, trouble speaking, loss of memory, loss of coordination, inability to recognize, loss of motor movement, disproportion of the face, loss of consciousness, loss of bladder and bowel control.

b) These complications can result from a severe stroke.

26. What does the stroke prevention imply?

Stroke prevention implies avoiding the main risk factors (question23)

27. What therapy does rehabilitation of the patient after stroke include?

The rehabilitation period is very important: speech therapy, occupational & physical therapy and education of family members.

Diseases of the ear

28. What are the main types of hearing loss and their causes?

Hearing loss can be partial or complete, temporary or permanent. Also it is divided into 3 categories: conductive (accumulation of earwacks in the ear canal – cirruminosis, inflammation of the middle ear, trauma of the tympanic membrane), sensorineural(damages of the structures of the inner ear – inborn disorders, antibiotics, drugs, aspirin, viral infection, Meniere’s disease, tumours, stroke-causes) and central (damages of the brain, rare).

29. What is otitis? What are its’ types, causes and symptoms?

a) It is an inflammation of the ear;

b) There are 2 types: otitis external & media;

c) Otitis external is caused by the upper respiratory infection, allergic response to the foods or by penetration of water. Symptoms of o.e.: slight fever, a discharge from the ear, pain; the ear lobe is painful when touching. Otitis media is common in children (caused by bacterias). Symptoms of o.m.: fullness or pressure, earache, pain, fever, pus that drains outside. Can become severe.

30. What is otosclerosis? What are the ways of its treatment?

a) It is hardening of the tissues of the ear due to the abnormal growth of bone near the middle ear. The sounds transfer to the tympanic membrane incompletely.

b) There are 2 ways to help: 1 is when the doctor may match the hearing aids, or 2 – is when the surgery may be performed (stapedectomy – drilling hole in the stapes footplate & prosthesis.)

31. What is the Meniere’s disease?

It is manifested by partial hearing loss, loss of balance, dizziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), felling of fullness & pressure. The causes are unknown and it can’t be cured. Risk factors are: drinking alcohol, caffeine; stresses, allergies, barometric changes, pregnancy, sugar, salt, loud noises, obesity, cholesterol, drug use and traumas.

Skin diseases

32. What is dermatitis? What are its causes? What are its types?

a) It is inflammation of the skin.

b) Cleaning products (soaps, detergents), rubber, metal, jewelry, cosmetics, perfume, poison ivy, antibiotics.

c) There are 6 types of dermatitis: atopic, neurodermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, seborrheic, stasis and perioral.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 1162