EXERCISE 24d — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. After the computer finished the calculations,! printed the answers on a piece of paper. What did I do?

2. In Question 1,what would you call the paper with the answers?

3. Todd's friend in Minnesota is going to visit Todd in New Orleans. What is Todd's friend going to do?

4. Ned walks around without a shirt so the girls can see his muscles. What does Ned do?

5. In Question 4, what is Ned?

6. When I buy my new car, I'll give the dealer my old car so that I can get a lower price on the new car. What will I do with my old car?

7. In Question 6, what would you call my old car?

8. The new boss fired a lot of employees, hired new employees, and made a lot of changes. What did the new boss do?

9. In Question 8, what would you call what the new boss did?

0. Sandra used to be married to a prince, but now she's divorced and broke. What has Sandra done?

1. In Question 10, what would you call what happened to Sandra?

12. It rained for two weeks straight before it stopped. What did the rain do?

13. In Question 12, what would you call what the rain did?

4. There was a big accident on the highway yesterday morning, and traffic was awful. What did the accident do to the traffic?

5. In Question 14, what would you call the traffic situation?

16. You flew from Denver to Miami, but you had to spend a few hours in Atlanta on the way. What did you do in Atlanta?

17. In Question 16, what would you call my visit to Atlanta?

18. Mike saw a terrible accident this morning while he was driving, and it upset him a lot. What did the accident do to Mike?

19. In Question 18, how would you describe Mike after he saw the accident?

EXERCISE 24e, Review — Complete the sentences with these nouns from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

backup, 11 drop-off, 11 follow-up, 11 tryout, 11 crackdown, 23 dropout, 23 lineup, 18 workout, 11

1. The doctor said I was cured, but he wants me to see him in a year for a __________.

2. Drugs are getting to be a big problem in my son's school. I think it's time for a ________.

3. When I was nineteen, I was a _____________ with no future, but then I got smart and finished school.

4. After the accident, the human cannonball was dropped from the circus ____________.

5. The ______________ for the basketball team will be next Saturday at 10:00 a.m.

6. Janice just got back from the gym, and she's really exhausted from her ____________.

7. I use the program on the hard disk, but I have a ______________ on a floppy.

8. Business at the restaurant used to be good, but there was a big ______________ after that case of food poisoning.

EXERCISE 24f, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. Young man, if you don't________________ of trouble at school, I'm going to send

you to military school!

2. These suitcases are so heavy I can barely ________ them ________.

3. A good history book doesn't simply tell you what happened, it ________ ________.

that and tells you why.

4. Todd got in trouble with his mother after he broke a window and his sister________ ________ him.

5. If you're going to that bad neighborhood late at night, please be careful and ________ ________ for muggers.

6. That museum is huge. If you want to see everything, you should ________ _______ spending the entire day there.

7. This coffee's way too hot. Can you get me an ice cube so I can _______ it _______?

8. That company wants to hire me, but I'm ________ ________ for more money.

9. My brother is going to visit tonight, and he's ________ his fiancee ________.

10. I've never been to this store before; I want to _____ _____ and see what they have.

11. My husband was very angry when our thirteen-year-old daughter came home at 4:00 in the morning, so I told him to ________ ________ and let me talk to her.

12. We had only twenty minutes to get to the airport, so we told the taxi driver to _______ ________it.

13. After the votes were ______ _______, Senator Dolittle was declared the winner.

14. Timmy, get a paper towel and ______ ______ this juice you spilled on the floor.

15. Leticia said good-bye and ________ ________ the telephone.

25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must

Have to, have got to, and must have two important uses in English. One is familiar to most students, the other is not.

But before discussing that, let's pay special attention to have got to. Have to and have got to mean exactly the same thing. Both are commonly used, and both are acceptable standard English. Have to derives from have, and have got to derives from have got. So why the got in have got to? A good question. Got in have got to means nothing and serves no purpose whatever. Have got to is a unique, idiomat­ic variation of have to. There is no point in trying to understand the grammar of have got to because there isn't any. Like other idioms, it must simply be memo­rized. Though have to and have got to mean the same thing, their forms are differ­ent, especially in questions and negative sentences. In the examples below, the contracted forms are the most common in everyday spoken English:

Requirement

Have to, have got to, and must are both used to say that something is required, necessary, mandatory — there is no choice in the matter:

You have tomake up the test.

You've got tomake up the test.

You mustmake up the test.

Although most students learn this use of must early in their studies, it is actually the least common way to use must. Both have to and have got to are much more commonly used for this purpose.

Near certainty

The other important use of have to, have got to, and must is to say that something is 99 percent certain — that based on the facts and based on what we see and know, no other conclusion is possible about something. We are 99 percent certain, and all we need is confirmation to be 100 percent certain:

Janice, you have been working for 12 hours without a break. You have to be tired. (A logical assumption, but until Janice confirms that she is tired, the speaker cannot be 100 percent certain.)

/ would never take that book out of this room. It's got to be here somewhere. (A logical assumption, but until the speaker finds the book, he cannot be 100 percent certain that it is in the room.) That man is from Japan. I've never spoken with him, but he must speak Japanese. (A logical assumption, but until the speaker hears the man speaking Japanese, he cannot be 100 percent certain.)

When have to, have got to, and must are used in this way, it is must that is more common than the others. Have to and have got to, when used for this purpose, have greater emphasis and are used for dramatic effect:

Mark hasto be the biggest idiot in the entire world.

Where is Lydia? She'sgotto be here somewhere.

Infinitive____________________________________________

present tense -ing form past tense past participle

Do with

1. do with p.v. [used only in the infinitive form] When you say that one thing has something todo with another, you mean there is a connection between the two.

Don't blame me for what happened; I had nothing todo with it.

I'm not sure what this part does, but I think it must have something todo withthe transmission.

Have on

have on & has on having on had on had on

1. have... on p.v. When you wear something, such as an item of clothing, perfume, or cosmetics, youhave iton.

Sallyhad red pants and a blue shirton.

I didn'thave a raincoaton, and I got all wet.

2. have... on p.v. When youhave an electrical deviceon, you are using it.

Last summer was so cool that wehad the air conditioneron only two or three times.

What's that sound? Dan musthave the radioon.

1. hurry up p.v. When youhurry up, you do something quickly.

Nicole has tohurry up if she's going to finish her work before 5:00.

If we don'thurry up, we're going to miss the beginning of the movie.

2. hurry... up p.v. When youhurry somethingup, you do it more quickly. When youhurry people up, you urge them to do something more quickly. When you say "Hurry up," to people, you are telling them to do something more quickly.

Everyone was really hungry, so I asked our cook tohurry dinnerup.

There were only five minutes left to finish the test, so the teacherhurried the students up. Hurry up! I'm not going to wait for you all day.

Knock over

knock over & knocks over knocking over knocked over knocked over

1. knock... over p.v. When youknock people or thingsover, you use force to make them fall to a horizontal position.

The force of the explosionknocked meover.

The children were playing, and theyknocked the lampover.

Lighten up

lighten up & lightens up lightening up lightened up lightened up

1. lighten up (on) p.v. [informal] When youlighten up orlighten up on people, you become less harsh or less strict in your treatment of them.

You're awfully hard on your daughter. Maybe you ought tolighten up on her.

You've been criticizing me all day. Will you pleaselighten up?

2. lighten ...up p.v. When youlighten up, you change the subject of conversation from something serious to something more cheerful and pleasant.

Enough talk about business. Let'slighten thingsup around here. Lighten itup — you've been talking about death and taxes all night.

Plan ahead

plan ahead & plans ahead planning ahead planned ahead planned ahead

1. plan ahead p.v. When youplan ahead, you plan for a future situation or activity so that you will not have a problem then.Plan ahead is similar tothink ahead.

Janice is a good manager. She alwaysplans ahead in case there's a problem.

Plan ahead — you don't want any problems when you're 200 miles from the nearest town.

1. settle for p.v. When yousettle for something, you accept it even though it may not be exactly what you want or need.

The strikers wanted an 8 percent pay increase, but theysettled for 5 percent.

Dr. Smith has very high standards. He won'tsettle for second best.

Think up

think up & thinks up thinking up thought up thought up

1. think... up p.v. When you think up something, such as an idea, solution, or plan, you use your imagination to create it.

/ have tothink up a way to solve this problem.

Mariathought up a great way to make some extra money.

Stop worrying — I'llthink somethingup.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 892