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EXERCISE 13d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

burn down, 5 let out, 7 point out, 7 set up, 5
call in, 5 look at, 5 run into, 1 take apart, 7
give back, 1 pile up, 5 run over, 7 take off, 1
hand back, 5 plan for, 4 screw out of, 3 talk down to, 3

 

1. Most of the city was ________ ________ by the invading soldiers.

2. Teacher, will points be ________ ________ for spelling?

3. Dan is so rude — I have never been _______ _______ _______ like that before.

4. A conference will be ________ ________ between the lawyers for each side.

5. The Taylors were ________ ________ ________ their life savings by their

stockbroker.

6. The children were happy to be ________ ________ of school early.

7. The entire staff was ________ ________ to the office and given pink slips.

8. Several flaws in the plan were ________ ________.

9. Raquel was almost ________ ________ by a cement truck while she was driving to work.

10. There wasn't enough room inside the cabin, so the firewood had to be ________

_______ outside.

H. The general said the occupied territory would never be ________ ________.

12. The test will be ________ ________ to the students tomorrow.

13. This engine has been ________ ________ three times, but no one can figure out

what's wrong with it.

14. This is a very important project. Every possible problem must be ______ ______.

15. My neighbor stopped at the side of the road to change a flat tire, and he was ________

________ and killed by a drunk driver.

16. Each proposed design for the new flag was ________ ________ and rejected.


14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1

The past participles of many English verbs can also be used as adjectives. You will see that sentences with adjectives formed from past participles are very simi­lar to sentences with verbs in the passive voice: in both cases a form of be is used with the past participle. For this reason, it is not always easy to say whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice:

The door wasclosed. (Is this a passive sentence or is dosed an adjective?)

Sometimes, whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice is clear from the sentence structure:

The door wasclosed by the secretary, (passive)

The door was closed when I came home last night, (adjective)

or the context:

question: What happens if the health inspector finds rats in a restaurant?

answer: It'sclosed. (passive)

question: Is the window open?

answer: It'sclosed. (adjective)

But in some cases it is not possible to say absolutely whether a sentence contains an adjective formed from a past participle or a verb in the passive voice. Fortunately, it is usually not very important because the meaning is often essen­tially the same. For that reason, throughout this book true adjectives formed from past participles and past participles functioning as adjectives are both classified as participle adjectives.



Much more important than the difference between adjectives formed from past participles and past participles functioning as adjectives is what the words mean.

Some participle adjectives are written with a hyphen (make-up), some without a hyphen (fixed up), and some as one word (rundown). Because not everyone agrees which participle adjectives should be hyphenated/which should not, and which should be written as one word, you will occasionally see the same partici­ple adjective written with or without a hyphen or written as one word. Also, British English hyphenates many participle adjectives that are not normally hyphenated in American English; many of the participle adjectives shown unhy­phenated in this book are hyphenated in British English.


 


Infinitive
    present tense -ing form past tense past participle
butt in butt in & butts in butting in butt in butt in

 

1. butt in p.v. When you enter a conversation, situation, or place (especially a line) aggressively, rudely, and without invitation/youbutt in.

/ was trying to talk to Mm at the party, but Bob keptbutting in.

My father taught me that it's not polite tobutt in line; you have to go to the back and wait your turn.

Dress up

dress up & dresses up dressing up dressed up dressed up

1. dress... up p.v. When youdress up, you wear very nice clothes, often for a special occasion. When youdress people up, you put very nice clothes on them/ often for a special occasion.

You should alwaysdress up for a job interview.

The Taylorsdressed their childrenup so they could take some pictures.

dressed up part.adj. When you aredressed up, you are wearing very nice clothes, often for a special occasion.

Where are Tom and Nancy going? They're alldressed up.

I felt like an idiot at the party — everyone was reallydressed up except me.

2. dress up (like/as) p.v. When people wear old-fashioned clothes or costumes, they dress up, dress up like someone, ordress up as someone.

Did you see Charles at the Halloween party? Hedressed up like a cowboy.

At Jane's costume party, everyone has todress up as a clown.

Dry up

dry up & dries up drying up dried up dried up

1. dry... up p.v. When somethingdries up or somethingdries itup, all the water or other liquid in it goes away.

The sun came out anddried up all the rain. The Great Salt Lake is slowlydrying up.

dried up part.adj. After all water or other liquid in something goes away, it isdried up.

The cowboys reached the river only to find that it wasdried up.

These leaves will burn okay now that they'redried up.

2. dry up p.v. When the amount or supply of something gets smaller and then disappears completely, itdries up.

The factory switched to synthetic rubber after the supply of natural rubberdried up.

The small grocery store's businessdried up after a huge supermarket opened across the street.


Infinitive
  present tense -ing form past tense past participle
fill out fill out & fills out filling out filled out filled out

 

1. fill... out p.v. When youfill out a form, you put information in the correct spaces. Fill in is the same asfill out.

The personnel director asked Sofia tofill out an application.

Fill the withdrawal slipout and give it to the teller.

filled out partadj. After all the information is in the correct spaces of a form, the form isfilled out.

Here's my application; it's allfilled out.Are these forms blank orfilled out?

2. fill... out p.v. When slender people gain weight, they fillout.

Jake was really thin when he got out of prison, but he has reallyfilled out since then.

Nicole started tofill out after she started working at the candy shop.

Put away

put away & puts away putting away put away put away

1. put... away p.v. When you return something to the place where it is usually stored while it is not being used, youput itaway.

/ told you toput away your toys before you go outside.

Todd always dries the dishes, and Iput themaway.

put away part.adj. If something is in the place where it is usually stored while it is not being used, it isput away.

Where is my tool kit? I looked in the closet, and it's not putaway.The dishes areput away. Now let's watch TV.

2. put... away p.v. When people areput away, they are sent to prison or a mental institution.

/ hope theyput that maniacaway and throw away the key.

Jake wasput away for ten years after he was convicted of murder.

3. put.. .away p.v. [informal] When you consume large quantities of food or drink (especially alcoholic drink), youput itaway.

Be sure to buy plenty of beer if David is coming to the party. He can reallyput it away.

I don't feel well. Iput away four hot dogs and a bag of cookies.

Stick up

stick up & sticks up sticking up stuck up stuck up

1. stick... up p.v. When you use a gun or other weapon to rob people, banks, or stores, youstick themup. Hold up is the same asstick up.


Call the police! They'resticking up the bank.

If we need some money, we can alwaysstick up a liquor store.

stickup n. When someone uses a gun or other weapon to rob a person, bank, or store, there is astickup. A holdup is the same as astickup.

A man wearing a ski mask yelled, "This is astickup!"

The detective was asking questions aboutthe stickup last night.

2. stick... up p.v. When you put something, such as a picture, sign, or notice, in a place where people can see it, youstick itup.

Samstuck a noticeup about his lost dog.

I'm going tostick these "no smoking" signsup all over the school.

3. stick... up p.v. When you push something inside a container or space that is long and narrow, youstick itup.

We had to take Susie to the emergency room after shestuck a paper clipup her nose.

Markstuck his handup the chimney to try to find the hidden key.

4. stick up p.v. When something long and narrow is raised above the surface, it sticks up.

Be careful walking around a construction site — there might be anailsticking up.

My hair wassticking up in the back after / woke up from my nap.

stuck-up part.adj. [informal — although the participle adjectivestuck-up derives from stick up, the verb form is never used in this sense] When you think you are better than other people because you are more beautiful or more intelligent or because you come from a higher level of society, you arestuck-up.

Heather is the most popular girl in the school, but she isn'tstuck-up.

They're sostuck-up — they'll never sit at our table.

Infinitive
  present tense -ing form past tense past participle
use up        
  use up & uses up using up used up used up

 

1. use... up p.v. When you use up something, you use all of it.

After youuse somethingup, be sure to write it on the grocery list.

Iused up all the glue; we need to buy more.

used up part.adj. After all of something has been used, it isused up.

Do we have another tube of toothpaste in the house? This one'sused up.

wind up        
  wind up & winds up winding up wound up wound up

 

1. wind ...up p.v. When you turn the handle or key of a mechanical toy, watch, or clock to make it operate, youwind itup.


/ overslept because I forgot towind up my alarm dock. This toy doesn't use batteries; you have towind itup.

wound up part.adj. After someone turns the handle or key of a mechanical toy, watch, or clock, it iswound up.

The toy soldier iswound up. Just push the button to make it walk.

What is wrong with this watch? It'swound up, but it still doesn't work.

wound up part.adj. When you are nervous or tense, you arewound up.

Don't even talk to Joe today. He's reallywound up.

I'm feeling reallywound up — I need a drink.

2. wind up p.v. When you say that someone or somethingwinds up a certain way orwinds up doing something, you mean that this situation was the result of a series of decisions, actions, or unplanned and unexpected occurrences.End up is similar towind up.

We got totally lost andwound up 100 miles from the campground.

If you don't start driving more carefully, you're going towind up dead.

3. wind ... up p.v. When youwind up an activity or event, you finish it or get ready to finish it.Wrap up is similar towind up.

The detectivewound up her investigation and made several arrests.

We'd betterwind thingsup here; it's getting late.

4. wind ... up p.v. When you wrap something long, such as an electrical cord, rope, string, or measuring tape, around and around so that it is in a ball or on a spool, you wind itup.

That's enough fishing for today. Let'swind up our lines and go home.

The firefighterswound up their fire hoses and went back to the station.

wound up part.adj. When you wrap something long, such as an electrical cord, rope, or measuring tape, around and around so that it is in a ball or on a spool, it is wound up.

This rope is a mess. You should keep itwound up.

This electrical cord is realtywound up tight.


Date: 2016-04-22; view: 708


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EXERCISE 12b — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and participle adjectives from this section. Make all the phrasal verbs past perfect. | EXERCISE 14e, Review — Complete the sentences with these participle adjectives from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
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