Working toward Cleaner Production will greatly assist in complying with stricter environmental legislation, bringing the benefits of reduced liability, reduced regulation, reduced monitoring costs, potentially reduced licensing charges and better control over your business. Environmental regulations and standards are becoming tighter and more comprehensive and this trend is expected to continue in the future. The Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Policy embraces the waste management hierarchy and in some cases requires businesses to prepare a Cleaner Production Plan. The table below contains the type of information that must be included in Cleaner Production Plans.
Table 2: Contents of a Cleaner Production Plan
A Cleaner Production Plan must contain details of:
A Cleaner Production Plan may need to address other issues such as:
· Current waste management practices;
· Material, energy and resource inputs;
· Material, waste and energy outputs;
· Impacts of the production process on environmental values;
· Opportunities and actions to be taken to avoid and reduce waste (including toxicity, energy and water);
· Opportunities and actions to be taken to recycle wastes;
· Recommendations of any life cycle assessment conducted;
· Targets and goals;
· Program of action and timeframes;
· Any certified or approved quality assurance or environmental management system or standard;
· Monitoring and reporting program.
· input substitution - replacing an input with a non-hazardous or less hazardous substance; and/or
· product reformulation - substituting an alternative end product which is non-hazardous or less hazardous upon use, release or disposal; and/or
· production process modification - upgrading or replacing existing production process equipment and methods with other equipment and methods, and/or
· improved operation and maintenance of production process equipment and methods - modifying or adding to existing equipment or methods; and/or
· closed-loop recycling - recycling or extended use of substances which become an integral part of the production process.
4.
Fill in each gap with an appropriate word from the list below:
a) complying, b) controlling, c) profit, d) recycling, e) production, f) hazardous,
Match the noun on the left with a suitable noun on the right. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
1) on-site
a) knowledge
2) emission
b) management
3) specialist
c) periods
4) technology
d) problems
5) pay-back
e) assurance
6) capital
f) prevention
7) pollution
g) reuse
8) energy
h) product
9) waste
i) limits
10) end
j) investment
11) quality
k) changes
12) pollution
l) consumption
6.
Match the following verbs with the words in the box to make up phrases used in the text. Translate them into Ukrainian.
1) to focus on..., 2) to find..., 3) to achieve..., 4) to adopt..., 5) to comply with...,
6) to require..., 7) to provide..., 8) to prevent..., 9) to reduce..., 10) to prepare...
a) pollution, b) no profit for the organisation, c) eliminating waste at their source,
d) a plan, e) the emission limits established by government, f) capital investment,
g) ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions, h) the Cleaner Production approach, i) sustainable production, j) energy, water and resource consumption
7.
Find the odd word.
1) wastes, sources, by-products, emissions;
2) treat, dispose, design, recycle;
3) targets, goals, aims, solutions;
4) upgrading, making, modifying, improving;
5) product, profit, capital, cost.
8.
Choose from the box all the words which can be combined with the following verbs:
to require, to achieve, to comply with, to reduce
the emission limits established by the government, capital investment, ‘smarter’ production processes and products, monitoring costs, environmental legislation, specialist knowledge and attention, wasted resources, sustainable production
9.
Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make collocations. Use each word more than once.
1) environmental
2) pollution
3) process
a) modifications
b) initiative
c) prevention
d) regulations and standards
e) improvements
f) legislation
g) problems
h) values
10.
Pick up from the text “What is Cleaner Production & What are its Benefits?” the verbs that can be used with the noun waste (at least 10 verbs). Choose 3 verbs you like and write sentences with them.
11.
Make up one question to each part of the text and write them down.
12.
Study the Contents of a Cleaner Production Plan in the text above and write your comments on it.
You may think about:
1) Is the plan perfect?
2) Are there any other details that should be included into the plan?
3) What issues of the plan are the most important?
4) Can the wastes be completely eliminated in Cleaner Production?
5) What plan points can present difficulties for the fulfilment?
13.
Answer the following questions:
1) What does the Cleaner Production approach lie in?
2) What are the main strategies in Cleaner Production?
3) Can you describe a route for eliminating wastes?
4) How can Cleaner Production save money?
5) In what way does Cleaner Production assist in pollution prevention?
14.
Discuss with a partner the benefits the Cleaner Production has. Present your ideas to the rest of the group.
15.
Suppose you are a scientist in the field of metallurgy and metals science and are invited to the scientific seminar: Environmental Issues in Metallurgy. Make up a report “Cleaner Production”.
UNIT 3
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1.
Work in small groups. In three minutes, write down a list of furnaces used for melting metals you know. Then combine yours with your partner’s and present to the rest of the group.
2.
Group the following words and word combinations into 1) pollutants and 2) processes during which these pollutants are generated. Then scan the text below and check whether your answers are correct.
