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Biochemistry of bone and connective tissue

 

Bone tissue contains water (50%), organic (28%) and inorganic (22%) substances. Among the latter, most part is calcium phosphate (85%); in much smaller quantities it containes calcium carbonate (10%), magnesium phosphate (1,5%) and calcium fluoride (0,3%). Inorganic substances of dental tissues are represented mainly by hydroxyapatite [Ńą3ŠĪ4)2]3 • Ńą(ĪĶ)2.

Preparation of extracts of bone and teeth tissues.

Put 5 g of bone tissue in the flask, pour 25 ml of 0,5% sulfuric acid solution and leave for a day. Inorganic substances transfer into solution. Extract is filtered.

A sample of 0.5 g of the tooth is placed in a flask. Add 30 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid solution and boil in the ventilating box. When a tooth is completely dissolved, the flask contents is cooled and filtered.

2. The detection of calcium ions.To 2 ml of extract 3-4 drops of a saturated solution of ammonium oxalate was added. Calcium oxalate is precipitated:

3. The detection of magnesium ions. Calcium oxalate obtained in the previous experiment, isolated by filtration. Add 3-4 drops of concentrated ammonia solution to the filtrate. There is a precipitate of magnesium ammonium phosphate:

MgHPO4 + NH4OH ® MgNH4PO4¯ + H2O

4. The detection of phosphoric acid. To a few milliliters of the filtered extract 5 – 6 drops of molybdenum reagent is added and heated to boiling. Slowly, a yellow crystalline precipitate of ammonium phosphomolybdate is forming:

12 (NH4)2MoO4 + H3PO4 + 21 HNO3 ® (NH4)2PO4×12MoO3 +

+ 21 NH4NO3 + 12 H2O

Test Questions

1. What substances are minerals components of bone tissue?

2. What are the differences of the biochemical composition of the dentin, cementum, and enamel?

3. How is the pH of the saliva related with the condition of tooth enamel?

4. How does the lack and excess of fluoride in drinking water influence the state of dental enamel?

5. What hormones influence calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bone and dental tissue?

 


BIBLIOGRAPHY

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