| Noun Suffixes of Greek Origin
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Source
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | -asm
| N/P
| Gr. -asm
| Forms abstract nouns
|
| enthusiasm
| | -ast
| N/P
| Gr. -aster
| Forms agent nouns
denoting“one who
|
| gymnast, enthusiast
|
|
|
|
| does or makes the
practice of”
|
|
| | -ic,
-ics
| N/P
| Gr. -ik,
-os;
L.-ic,
-us;
F. -ique
| Forms adjectives with the senses:
1) “of the nature of”
|
| cynic, sceptic, cleric
| | 2) “art or science”
| phonetics, mathematics, physics
| logic, music
| | -ine
| N/P
| Gk. -ine; F. -ine
| Forms feminine names
| heroine
|
| | -ism
| P
| Gk.
-ismos,
L. -ismus
| Forms nouns of action naming the process, the completed action or its result;
forms the name of a system or theory or practice, etc.
| socialism, atheism
Marxism
|
| | -ist
| P
| Gk.
-istes,
-ite;
L. -ista
| Forms nouns denoting a person who practices some method or art, or advocates a given doctrine, system, cause
| dramatist, communist, socialist
| artist
| | -oid
| P
| Gk. -o,
-eides
| Means “like”, “in the form of”
| anthropoid
|
| | -y
| N/P
| Gk. -ia
| Forms abstract nouns
| academy
|
| | -ia
| N/P
| L. -ia
| Forms nouns, chiefly Modern Latin terms of pathology and botany
| hydrophobia, azalia
|
|
Adjective Suffixes of Germanic Origin
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Source
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | -fold
| N/P
| OE -feald
| Denotes multiplication, doubling, tripling
| twofold, threefold, fourfold, manifold
|
| | -ful
| P
| OE -ful
| Denotes “full of”, “abounding in”
| thankful, hopeful, powerful
|
| | -less
| P
| OE -leas
| Denotes “without”, “not having”, “free from”
| thankless, hopeless, powerless
|
| | -ish
| P
| Germanic
-isc
| Means:
1) “similar to”;
| grayish, reddish, whitish
|
| | 2) adds a depreciatory colouring
| childish, girlish
|
| | -like
| P
| OE -lie
| Means “like that‟, “having the characteristic of”
| businesslike, warlike, lifelike
|
| | -ly
| P
| Germanic
-lic
| Means:
1) “characteristic of”;
|
womanly, manly
|
| |
|
|
| 2) “rather”;
| cleanly,
poorly, weakly
|
| | 3) “every‟
| weekly, daily, monthly
|
| | -some
| P
| OE -sum
| Means “similar to”
| troublesome, tiresome
| handsome
| | -ward
| P
| OE
-weard
| Denotes direction or course
| downward, wayward, sideward
|
|
| -y
| N/P
| OE -ig
| Means “characterized by”, “full of”
| mighty, crafty, angry
|
|
Adjective Suffixes of Romanic Origin
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Source
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | -able
| P
| F. -able; L.
-abilem
| Forms adjectives from verbs
| eatable, fashionable
|
| | -al
| P
| L. -alis; F. -al, -el
| Forms adjectives with the senses “of the kind”, “pertaining to”
| comical, dramatical, logical
|
| | -an,
-ean
| N/P
| L. -anus; F. -ain,
-en
| Means “belonging or pertaining to”
| Roman, European, Pythagorean
|
| | -ary
| N/P
| L. -aris; F. -aire
|
Forms adjectives with the senses “of the kind or nature of”, “pertaining to”
|
| necessary, contrary, ordinary
| | -ese
| N/P
| L. -ensis; F. -eis
| Means “originating
in”
| Japanese, Chinese
|
| | -esque
| N/P
| It. -esco
| Denotes “in the manner or style of”, “like”
| picturesque
| arabesque, grotesque
| | -ic
| N/P
| L. -icus
| Means “belonging to”, “of the nature of” or “pertaining
to”
| Celtic, domestic
|
| | -ine
| N/P
| L. -inus; F. -ine
|
Forms adjectives with the senses “like”, “characterized by”
| infantine
|
|
| -ive
| N/P
| L. -iv,
-us; F. -if
| Forms adjectives
with the senses “having the nature, character or quality”
| talkative
| native
| | -ous
| N/P
| L -os,
-us, -a,
-um
| Forms adjectives
with the senses “characterized by”, “of the nature of”, “full of”
| glorious,
joyous, virtuous
| obvious, serious, vicious
|
Verb Suffixes
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Source
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | -en
| P
| OE -en
| Means “to make”, “to make like”
| brighten,
blacken, lengthen,
darken
|
| | -ate
| N/P
| L. -atus
| Forms causative
verbs
| agitate,
graduate
| aggravate
| | -fy
| N/P
| L.
-ficare; F. -fier
| Forms verbs with
the senses „to
produce”, “to make”
| terrify,
magnify, intensify
|
| | -ize,
-ise
| P
| Gk. -iz;
L. -izare
| Forms verbs
denoting “to make”, “to conform to”
| organize,
generalize, apologize
|
|
Adverb Suffixes
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Source
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples*
| |
I
|
II
| | -ly
| N/P
| OE -lice
| Forms adverbs from
adjectives
| badly, deadly,
newly
|
| | -ward(s)
| N/P
| OE
-weard
| Signifies direction
| backward(s),
homeward(s)
|
| | -long
| N/P
| OE -long
| Signifies manner of
action
| headlong,
sidelong
|
| | -wise
| N/P
| OE -wise
| Denotes “way”, “manner”, “respect”
| otherwise,
clockwise
|
|
Date: 2016-04-22; view: 2014
|
