| Prefixes of Germanic Origin
|
Prefix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | a-, an-
| N/P
| 1. In OE “a” (meaning
“of”)
| arise
|
| | 2. In OE “of” (orig. meaning “off”)
| adown
|
| | 3. In OE “and-”
|
| answer
| | 4. In OE “on-“
|
| awaken,
ashamed
| | be-
| N/P
| OE – be. In Mod. E. forms:
1) verbs with a reinforcing sense of “about” or “over”, or with a meaning of “all around”, “all over;
| bescreen,
bewrap
|
| | 2) transitive verbs with the force of “to affect” or “by means of”
| bedew, beflag
|
| | 3) verbs with the sense of “thoroughly”, “completely”, “violently”, “repeatedly”;
| bedazzle,
bemuddle
|
| | 4) verbs with the sense
of “away”, “from”;
| bereave
|
| | 5) transitive verbs implying action done for, to, at, by, over, against
| becrawl, begroan, beleap
|
|
|
|
| 6) verbs (from adjectives or nouns) with the force of “to make” or “to cause to be”;
| becripple,
befool
|
| | 7) verbs with the sense
of “to name”
| bebrother,
belady
|
| | for-
| N/P
| Used with verbs to indicate prohibition, exclusion, failure, neglect
| forsay
|
| | un-
| P
| 1. signifies “not”
| unwilling, unbearable, unable
|
| | 2. Shows the reversal of an action
| tie – untie, bind – unbind, do – undo
|
|
Prefixes of Greek Origin
|
Prefix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | a-
| N/P
| Means “not”, “un-”, “non-”
| atheism
| apathy,
anonymous
| | amphi-
| N/P
| Signifies “about”, “on both sides”, “of both kinds”
| amphitheatre
| amphibious
| | anti-, ant-
| P
| Signifies “opposite”, “against”, “instead”
| antitype,
antithesis
|
| | dis-, di-
| N/P
| Means “twice”, “double”
| dissyllable
| diphthong
| | poly-
| N/P
| Means “many” or
“much”
| polysyllable
| polyglot
|
SUFFIXES
Noun Suffixes of Germanic Origin
|
Suffix
|
Productive (P) or non- productive (N/P)
|
Meaning or function
|
Examples
| |
I
|
II
| | -dom
| P
| Forms nouns with the meaning:
1) “dignity”, “office”, “dominion”, “realm” or “jurisdiction”;
| kingdom, dukedom, earldom
|
| | N/P
| 2) “state”, “condition”, or
“fact of being”
| freedom, wisdom, boredom
|
| | -hood
| N/P
| Noun-forming suffix denoting in general state, condition, quality, character
| manhood, childhood, motherhood
|
| | -ship
| N/P
| Denotes:
state, condition or quality;
office, dignity or profession
|
friendship
clerkship, authorship
|
| | -en
| P
| Means “to make”, “to
render”
| quicken, whiten
|
| | -er
| P
| Forms:
1) nouns from verbs denoting the agent;
|
rider, miner, worker
|
| |
|
| 2) nouns from nouns or adjectives of place, denoting resident of, one living in;
| Londoner, islander, New Zealander
|
| | 3) nouns from nouns with the sense of “one who has
to do with”, esp. as a matter
of trade, profession, etc.
| cutter, beater
|
|
| -ier, -yer
| N/P
| Noun suffix equivalent to
-eer
| gondonlier, cashier, lawyer
| cavalier
| | -ing
| N/P
| Suffix denoting “belonging to”, “of the kind”, “descended from”
|
| shilling
| | -ing
| P
| Forms nouns from verbs. It means:
1) “act”, “fact”, “art of doing”;
| reading, learning, feeling, teaching
|
| | 2) “that which does” or “that which results from”, “accompanies”
| covering, sweepings
|
| | -ling
| P
| Conveys a diminutive force
| duckling, nestling
|
| | -ness
| P
| Forms nouns denoting state, condition, quality or degree
| carelessness, forgiveness, darkness
| witness, wilderness
| | -ster
| N/P
| Denotes depreciation
| youngster, gangster
| spinster
| | -th
| N/P
| Forms nouns of state or quality, from adjectives
| breadth, length, width, strength
| birth
| | -ie, -y
| P
| Forms diminutives
| birdie, auntie, granny, aunty, Jonny
|
| | -y
| N/P
| Noun suffix denoting result of action
| augury, perjury
|
|
Date: 2016-04-22; view: 2673
|
