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Key words on the topic: read, translate, train the pronunciation, memorize.

THE RUSSION FEDERATION

to comprise, vegetation, coal, copper, non ferrous metal, to be set up by smth, branch, legislative, executive, judicial, to be vested in, Federal Assembly, chamber, enforce, treaty, replace, law, elect, on appointment, Supreme Court, a regional court, the Constitutional Court, effort.

2. Read the text:

In area, the Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is

about 17 million square kilometres. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern

Asia. Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East

and from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Black Sea and the Caucasus, the Altai, and the Sayan mountains, and the Amur and the Ussuri rivers in the South. It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and Kazakhstan , Mongolia, China along the southern border. The federation comprises 21 republics.

 

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

 

There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian

Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals,the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.

There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers – the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena – flow, from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.

 

Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world’s deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.

 

Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.

 

The Russian Federation is set up by the constitution of 1993.

 

Under the Constitution Russia is a presidential republic. The federal government

consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked

and balanced by the President.

 

The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation; the Lower Chamber is the State Duma.



 

Each chambers is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two Chambers. But to become a law a bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.

 

The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties,

enforces laws, appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.

The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime

Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet.

 

The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court

and the regional courts.

The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for a four-year

period.

 

Today the state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal

stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands

for the sky, and the red one symbolizes liberty. It was the first state symbol that replaced the former symbols in 1991. Since 1993 the hymn of Russia was “The Patriotic Song” by M. Glinka. But in 2000 it was changed. Now we have the hymn, that has the melody of the former USSR hymn, but the verses to it were written a new by S. Michalkov. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches. All these symbols are official.

They have been approved by the Federal Assembly.

 

The president of the Russian Federation is Vladimir Putin.

In 1996 Vladimir Putin was asked by to join President Boris Yeltsin's "inner cycle" as deputy chief administrator of the Kremlin.

 

On New Year`s Eve in 1999,Yeltsin unexpectedly stepped down as president, naming Putin as acting president.

In 2000 Russians elected Putin out of a field of eleven candidates. Putin has made great efforts to improve relations with the remaining world powers.

Since from 2008 to 2012 Putin was a Prime-minister of our country and in March 2012 he was elected the President of the Russian Federation again.

 

3. Answer the following questions:

1) What territory does Russia occupy?

2) What countries does it border on?

3) What plains is it located on?

4) What are the longest mountain chains?

5) What sea does Europe’s biggest river flow into?

6) What river flows into the Pacific Ocean?

7) How deep is the world’s purest lake Baikal?

8)When was the Russian Federation set up?

9)What kind of state is it?

10) What does the federal government consist of?

 

4. Mark these statements TRUE (T) or FALSE (F):

1) The federation comprises 21 republics.

2) The largest mountain chain, the Caucasus , separates Europe from Asia.

3) In the Baltic Sea is much more water than in the Lake Baikal.

4) The Russian Federation is set up by the constitution of 1993.

5) President of the Russian Federation is checked and balanced by the federal government

6) The legislative power consists of two chambers.

7) The Speaker is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties,

enforces laws, appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.

8) The judicial branch is represented by the Upper Chamber and the Lower Chamber.

9) The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime

Minister.

10) The white stripe of the Russian banner symbolizes the sky, the blue one stands

for the sea, and the red one symbolizes belief.

 


Date: 2016-04-22; view: 990


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