Make up your own sentences with the words from Ex 1.

While – Reading

1. Reading for general understanding. Read the text and answer the following guestions to the text:

•Have various cultures left their imprint on history through their great or small monuments and buildings?

•Great architect and engineers followed an integrated process of conception , design and construction, didn’t they?

•Did this integrated construction process persist through the end of the nineteenth century?

•What is the structural design?

•What does engineering of stationary objects such as buildings and bridges imply?

We can not ignore the heritage of the past. There are different styles and kinds of architecture in the past around the world. It is not a secret, that various cultures have left their imprint on history through their great monuments and buildings, great castles and cathedrals. The oldest monuments which are met within architecture are great structures such as Egyptian pyramids , the Parthenon in Athens, the Roman Pantheon , and Hagia Sophia in the ‘’New Rome’’, Constantinople ,great castles and cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the palaces of the Renaissance and the civil engineering infrastructure of the industrial revolution. Great architects and engineers followed an integrated process of conception, design and construction. This integrated construction process persisted through the end of the nineteenth century , when the Roebling family (John, Washington, and Emily) designed and built the Brooklyn Bridge.

It is necessary to select materials, a type, a size and a configuration to carry loads in a safe and serviceable fashion. The architects and engineers mobilize the resources needed to realize the final structure. This classical approach is used to build. In general, structural design implies engineering of stationary objects such as buildings and bridjes, objects that may be mobile but have a rigid shape such as ship hulls and aircraft frames. But it is an area of mechanical design, to which devices are generally assigned. These are devices with parts planned to move with relation to each other.

Read and translate the first paragraph from the text.

3.Read the text again and complete the following sentences:

•Various cultures have left

•These great structures were

•This classical approach was used

•This integrated construction process persisted

•Devices with parts planned to move with

4.Read the following statements and whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:

•Various cultures have left their imprint on history.

•This classical approach was used to build the great stadiums.

•Great architects and engineers followed an integrated process of conception, design, and construction.

•This integrated construction process persisted through the end of the first century.

• The selection of materials and member type , size and configuration to carry loads in a safe and serviceable fashion.

After –Reading

Grammar focus

1.Complete the following words from the text:

Mon _me _t , s_ le _ tio _, m__eri_l, str_ct__e , s_ze,_onf_gu__tion, me__an_cal ,rev_lut_on , c_nstru__ion.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 2509