Fibrous Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions

REACTIVE PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS PROLIFERATIONS

Reactive pseudosarcomatous proliferations are nonneoplastic lesions that either develop in response to some form of local trauma (physical or ischemic) or are idiopathic. They are

composed of plump reactive fibroblasts or related mesenchymal cells. Clinically, they are alarming because they develop suddenly and grow rapidly; histologically, they cause concern

because they mimic sarcomas owing to their hypercellularity,

Figure 26-53Myxoid liposarcoma with abundant ground substance in which are scattered adult-appearing fat cells and more primitive cells, some containing small lipid vacuoles

(lipoblasts).

Figure 26-54Nodular fasciitis with plump, randomly oriented spindle cells surrounded by myxoid stroma. Note the mitotic activity and extravasated red blood cells.

Figure 26-55Peripherally mineralized myositis ossificans (arrows) involving the posterior thigh.

Figure 26-56Fibromatosis infiltrating between skeletal muscle cells.

Figure 26-57Fibrosarcoma composed of malignant spindle cells arranged in a herringbone pattern.

Figure 26-58Malignant fibrous histiocytoma revealing fascicles of plump spindle cells in a swirling (storiform) pattern, typical but not pathognomonic of this neoplasm. (Courtesy of

Dr. J. Corson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.)

Figure 26-59Rhabdomyosarcoma composed of malignant small round cells. The rhabdomyoblasts are large and round and have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; no cross-striations are

evident.

Figure 26-60Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with numerous spaces lined by tumor cells.

Figure 26-61Synovial sarcoma revealing the classic biphasic spindle cell and glandular-like histologic appearance.

References

1. Glimcher MJ, ed: Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinical Related Disorders, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990.

2. Manolagas SC: Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 21:115, 2000.

3. Ducy P, Schinke T, Karsenty G: The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance. Science 289:1501, 2000.

4. Patel MS, Karsenty G: Regulation of bone formation and vision by LRP5. N Engl J Med 346:1572, 2002.

5. Wagner EF, Karsenty G: Genetic control of skeletal development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11:527, 2001.

6. Harada S, Rodan GA: Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature 423:349, 2003.

7. Turner CH, et al: Do bone cells behave like a neuronal network? Calcif Tissue Int 70:435, 2002.

8. Teitelbaum SL: Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289:1504, 2000.

9. Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL: Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423:337, 2003.

10. Lars ET, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM: RANK-L and RANK: T cells, bone loss and mammalian evolution. Ann Rev Immunol 20:795, 2002.

11. Young MF, et al: Structure, expression, and regulation of the major noncollagenous matrix proteins of bone. Clin Orthop 281:275, 1992.

12. Raisz LG: Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling. Clin Chem 45:1353, 1999.

13. Olsen BR, Reginato AM, Wang W: Bone development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16:191, 2000.

14. Mundlos S, Olsen BR: Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part I: Molecular insights into skeletal development—transcription factors and signaling pathways. FASEB J 11:125, 1997.

15. Mundlos S, Olsen BR: Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part II: Molecular insights into skeletal development—matrix components and their homeostasis. FASEB J 11:227, 1997.

16. Superti-Furga A, Bonafe L, Rimoin DL: Molecular-pathogenetic classification of genetic disorders of the skeleton. Am J Med Genet 106:282, 2001.

17. Cole WG: Advances in osteogenesis imperfecta. Clin Orthop 401:6, 2002.

18. Bullough PG, Davidson DD, Lorenzo JC: The morbid anatomy of the skeleton in osteogenesis imperfecta. Clin Orthop 159:42, 1981.

19. de Vernejoul MC, Besichow O: Human osteopetrosis and other sclerosing disorders: recent genetic developments. Calcified Tiss Int 69:1, 2002.

20. Kornak U, et al:. Loss of the ClC-7 chloride channel leads to osteopetrosis in mice and man. Cell 104:205, 2001.

21. Tuck SP, Francis RM: Osteoporosis. Postgrad Med J 78:526, 2002.

22. Mosekilde L: Mechanisms of age-related bone loss. Novartis Found Symp 235:150, 2001.

23. Kenny AM, Prestwood KM: Osteoporosis. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in older adults. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 26:569, 2000.

24. Reddy SV, et al: Paget's disease of bone: a disease of osteoclast. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2:195, 2001.

25. Leach RJ, Singer FR, Roodman G: The genetics of Paget's disease of the bone. J Clinical Endocrin Metab 86:24, 2001.

26. Hadjipavlou AG, Gaitanis IN, Kontakis GM: Paget's disease of the bone and its management. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:160, 2002.

27. Gonzalez EA, Martin KJ: Renal osteodystrophy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2:187, 2001.

28. Khan SN, Bostrom MP, Lane JM: Bone growth factors. Orthop Clin North Am 31:375, 2000.

29. Saucacos PN, Urbaniak JR: Osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop 386:2, 2001.

30. Lew DP, Waldvogel FA: Osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med 336:999, 1997.

31. Cunningham R, Cockayne A, Humphreys H: Clinical and molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus bone and joint infections. J Med Microbiol 44:157, 1996.

32. Senac MO, Jr., Isaacs H, Gwinn JL: Primary lesions of bone in the 1st decade of life: retrospective survey of biopsy results. Radiology 160:491, 1986.

33. Klein MH, Shankman S: Osteoid osteoma: radiologic and pathologic correlation. Skeletal Radiol 21:23, 1992.

34. Ragland BD, et al: Cytogenetics and molecular biology of osteosarcoma. Lab Invest 82:365, 2002.

35. Unni KK, Dahlin DC: Osteosarcoma: pathology and classification. Semin Roentgenol 24:143, 1989.

36. Bielack SS, et al: Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: an analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant cooperative osteosarcoma study

group protocols. J Clin Oncol 20:776, 2002.

37. Ramappa AJ, et al: Chondroblastoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82-A:1140, 2000.

38. Zillmer DA, Dorfman HD: Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone: thirty-six cases with clinicopathologic correlation. Hum Pathol 20:952, 1989.

39. Lee FY, et al: Chondrosarcoma of bone: an assessment of outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:326, 1999.

40. Weinstein LS, Chen M, Liu J: Gs(a) mutations and imprinting defects in human disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 968:173, 2002.

41. Papagelopoulos PJ, et al: Clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. Orthopedics 23:59, 2000.

42. Arvand A, Denny CT: Biology of EWS/ETS fusions in Ewing's family tumors. Oncogene 20:5747, 2001.

43. Meideiros LJ, et al: Giant cells and mononuclear cells of giant cell tumor of bone resemble histiocytes. Appl Immunohistochem 1:115, 1993.

44. Aigner T, McKenna L: Molecular pathology and pathobiology of osteoarthritic cartilage. Cell Mol Life Sci 59:5, 2002.

45. Firestein GS: Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 423:356, 2003.

46. Lee DM, Weinblatt ME: Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 358:903, 2001.

47. Gravallese EM, Goldring SR: Cellular mechanisms and the role of cytokines in bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 43:2143, 2000.

48. Gregersen PK: Teasing apart the complex genetics of human autoimmunity: lesions from rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 107:1, 2003.

49. Hyrich KL, Inman RD: Infectious agents in chronic rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 13:300, 2001.

50. Feldmann M: Development of anti-TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol 2:364, 2002.

51. Schneider R, Passo MH: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 28:503, 2002.

52. Sieper J, et al: Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview. Ann Rheum Dis 61 (suppl 3):III8, 2002.

53. Granfors K: Host-microbe interaction in HLA-B27-associated diseases. Ann Med 29:153, 1997.

54. Gross M: Molecular recognition. Crystallographic antibodies. Nature 373:105, 1995.

55. Steere AC: Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 345:115, 2001.

56. Ytterberg SR: Viral arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11:275, 1999.

57. German DC, Holmes EW: Hyperuricemia and gout. Med Clin North Am 70:419, 1986.

58. Morgan MP, McCarthy GM: Signaling mechanisms involved in crystal-induced tissue damage. Curr Opin Rheumatol 14:292, 2002.

59. Timms AE, et al: Genetic studies of disorders of calcium crystal deposition. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41:725, 2002.

60. Sandberg AA: Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft-tissue tumors. Am J Med Genet 115:189, 2002.

61. Oliveira AM, Nascimento AG: Grading in soft tissue tumors: principles and problems. Skeletal Radiol 30:543, 2001.

62. De Wever I, et al: Cytogenetic, clinical, and morphologic correlations in 78 cases of fibromatosis: a report from the CHAMP Study Group. Chromosomes and Morphology. Mod

Pathol 13:1080, 2000.

63. Xia SJ, Pressey JG, Barr FG: Molecular pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther 1:97, 2002.

64. Malogolowkin MH, Ortega JA: Rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood. Pediatr Ann 17:251, 1988.

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 823