Exclamatory sentences

Exclamatory sentences have the same word order as statements (i.e., the subject is before the predicate).

She is a great singer!

In some types of exclamatory sentences, the subject (it, this, that) and the linking verb are often omitted.

What a pity!

35. Syndetic compound sentences. Types of relations and their means of expression.

The sentence is the central syntactic construction used as the minimal communicative unit that has its primary predication, actualises a definite structural scheme and possesses definite intonation characteristics.

Compound sentences:

A compound sentence is a multiple sentence of two or more clauses coordinated with each other. Clauses combined by means of coordination are regarded as independent, they are linked in such a way that there is no hierarchy in the syntactic relationship, they have the same syntactic status. Two clauses are coordinated if they are connected by a conjunct or a coordinator. Coordinated clauses are sometimes called “conjoins”. Coordination can be asyndatic or syndatic.

Syndetic compound sentences:

In s.c.c. the type of coordination is expressed explicitly by means of coordinators, coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, so that The lights went out, the curtain went up and the show began. The peculiarity of and and or is that they can link more than two clauses. Coordinators can be divided into one-member, or simple (and, but) and multi-member (either…or).

Coordinators and conjuncts in a compound sentence express four logical types of coordination: copulative, disjunctive, adversative and causative-consecutive.

Form the semantico-syntactic point of view there are 2 basic types of connection:

1.Marked coordinative connection – copulative, causal, resultative, adversative, disjunctive, e.g. We cannot go upstairs for we are too tired.

2.Unmarked coordinative connection - is realized by the coordinative connector “and” and also asyndetically (copulative, enumerative, causal, resultative relations), e.g. Time passed, and she came to no conclusions. We cannot go upstairs, we are too tired.

Grammatical structure of compound sentences:

The semantic relations between the clauses making up the compound sentence depend partly on the lexical meaning of the conjunction uniting them, and partly on the meanings of the words making up the clauses themselves:

-Copulative conjunctions - and, neither…nor

-Disjunctive conjunctions - or, otherwise, either…or

-Adversative conjunctions - but, yet, still, nevertheless, however

As to the use of tenses in clauses making up a compound sentence, we should note that there is no general rule of their interdependence. However, in a number of cases we do find interdependence of co-ordinate clauses from this point of view.

The number of clauses in a compound sentence may be greater than 2, and in this case the conjunctions uniting the clauses may be different. The length of the CS in terms of the number of its clausal parts is in principle unlimited, since it is determined by the informative purpose of the speaker.

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1018