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B) Read the text and fill in the table after it.
WHAT'S HAPPENING TO OUR ENVIRONMENT?
Many people believe that the way we live our lives today is having a very damaging effect on the environment.
Here are some examples of the kinds of problems we face, followed by some things that we can do to help protect our environment.
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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.Pollution from cars, factories and power stations is causing harmful greenhouse gases to build up in the
w Earth's atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping, and as a
zresult our planet is getting warmer. This process is known as global
.Jwarming.
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Global warming is causing the ice at the North and South Poles to
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0 flooding and violent storms in many parts of the world. In other places,
>- there will be less rain and the land will be turned into desert.
POLLUTION.The biggest polluter today is the car. Exhaust fumes are the main cause of poor air quality, which can make people feel ill and have difficulty in breathing. This problem is especially bad in cities, where the number of cars is increasing every year, causing serious congestion and filling the air with smog. Governments try to improve the situation by encouraging people to use their cars less or buy cars that do not use as much fuel.
All over the world, wildlife habitats are being
destroyed. There are many endangered species that could soon become extinct. Rainforests are being cut down so that people can grow crops and feed the world's increasing population. Modern farming methods, for example using pesticides and genetically modified crops, are having a very bad effect on the
food chain. Killing insects may be useful for growing crops, but it reduces the amount of available food for other animals and birds.
CLIMATE CHANGEis also making conditions difficult for some animals. In the Arctic, the ice is melting, threatening the survival of animals such as polar bears.
| The problem | The reason | The effect |
7 Discuss the questions in groups.
1 Which of these environmental problems do you think are the most serious in Ukraine? Why?
2 How do you think they will affect our country in the future?
VOCABULARY
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prevent,v- to stop something from happening or someone from doing something : Label your suitcases to preventconfusion.
avoid,v- to stay away from someone or something: We left early to avoid
the traffic.
protect ,v- to keep someone or something safe from injury, damage or loss: It's important to protectyour skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
1 
a) Read and choose the verb 'prevent', 'avoid' or 'protect' to complete each sentence. Put it in the appropriate form if necessary.
1 The government has opened a nature reserve to ... people from hunting endangered species.
2 This cream is perfect for ... you from insect bites.
3 The new law ... people from building houses near the National Park.
4 I think we should set out early to ... the worst of the traffic.
5 You ought to be wearing a hat to ... your head from the sun.
2 Read and answer the question.
The words in bold in the following extracts from the interview with Frinton have more than one meaning. Which meaning fits the word as used by Frinton?
1 Our primegoal must be to ensure our survival.
a) most important
b) of the very best quality
c) most suitable
2 ...ensuring enough energy and food while preservingour environment.
a) preventing something from changing
b) protecting something from danger or damage
c) storing something in a way so it doesn't decay
3 Nuclear fuel contains untolddangers from radiation.
a) too much or too many to be measured
b) not said to anybody
4 We have to develop new methods of growing crops and increasing
Yields.
a) the amount of food produced
b) the amount of profit produced
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5 New forms of micro-organisms, plants and animals will become
Commonplace.
a) ordinary and boring
b) usual and widespread
6 I see major changes resulting from advancesin robotics and the Internet.
::1a) money paid to someone before they are due to receive it
b) developments or improvements
Ill Match the words with their definitions.
A
1 global warming D2 the ozone layer D 3 climate change
D4 the greenhouse effect
D5 ecology
D6 the environment D7 the food chain D8 habitat
D9 rainforest
D 10 deforestation
D 11 endangered species
athe air, water and land where people, animals and plants live
bthe way in which plants and animals
and natural features of a place affect and depend on each other
c the natural home of a plant or animal
dthe natural system in which , for example, an insect eats a plant, a bird eats the insect, an animal eats the bird, etc. with the result that all these
different forms of life depend on each other
egeneral increase in the temperature of the world, caused by pollution from cars, factories, etc.
fchanges in the weather around the world, which result in much higher or lower temperatures , violent storms, floods, etc.
gthe gradual warming of the Earth caused by pollution that stops heat
from leaving the Earth's atmosphere
ha layer of natural gases around the Earth. The ozone layer protects the Earth from the harmful effects of the sun, but pollution is causing a hole in it
a tropical forest with tall trees growing very close together, in an area where it rains a lot. It is very important for the balance of the Earth's ecology
a situation, in which most of the trees in an area are cut down or destroyed, resulting in great damage to the environment
ka type of plant or animal that is likely to stop existing completely, for example because of hunting or pollution
B
1 extinct athe natural level of the water in the world's oce-
2 pollution ans,which will rise if global warming continues In
3 greenhouse gases bharmful chemicals , gases , or waste -<
| Os acid rain c: |
gone into the air, land or water
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6 toxic waste cif a type of animal or plant is extinct , it no
7 pesticides
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longer exists and there are no animals or "D
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9 fossil fuels dharmful gas or smoke , for example from cars 1"1
10sea level or factories , which damages the environment ::i
and harms people's health
e gases that form a layer around the Earth and keep the heat in. These gases are produced naturally, but increasing quantities of gases are being produced from cars and factories , causing global warming
fsuch crops have had their genes changed in order to make them more
convenient to grow. Some people believe that they may cause damage to the environment
gchemicals that are used for killing insects and animals that attack crops
hrain that contains pollution from factories , power stations, etc., which cause damage to forests
fuels , such as coal or oil. Burning these fuels causes a lot of carbon gases to be released into the atmosphere
very dangerous waste materials , for example , from nuclear power stations or chemical factories
Complete the sentences with some of the words and word combinations above (see task 3). Put them in correct forms.
1 ... cover about 6% of the Earth's surface.
2 The white rhino is close to become ...
3 New laws are being introduced to protect ...
4 The hole in ... is thought to be responsible for an increase in cases of skin cancer'.
5 Many consumers don't want to eat ... foods .
6 There are dangerously high ... levels in our rivers.
7 The rapid pace of ... in Malaysia makes the world community to worry.
8 Scientists are predicting a substantial rise of ... over the next 20 years.
9 The threat to life higher up ....
10 An international conference on ... took place in Paris last Monday.
'a skin cancer ['skm krensa] -paK wKip111
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Date: 2016-03-03; view: 2924
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