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From Essentials of Medical Geology. Elsevier Inc., 2005.
Read the following word-formations, translate into Russian.
Toxicology toxicity detoxify toxic toxicologically
To act active inactive activity activation
To produce product production
To absorb absorption absorptive
To transport transportation transportive
To metabolize metabolite metabolism
Give Russian equivalents to the following words and set-expressions.
To play an essential role
To result from
To expand the scope
To provide the framework
Regardless of smth.
In response to
From the standpoint of
Peculiar to
Compose your own sentences with two of the expressions.
Match the synonyms.
| 1. response | a. eliminate |
| 2. defence | b. contaminate |
| 3. show | c. route |
| 4. remove | d. indicate |
| 5. occur | e. reaction |
| 6. portal | f. resistance |
| 7. pollute | g. take place |
Fill in the necessary prepositions.
1. Toxicology is a specialized area of risk assessment identifying the level of hazard peculiar ... a definite chemical exposure.
2. Regardless its effect behavior of xenobiotic can be described in four terms: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
3. Tissue level depends transport of the xenobiotic to the target organ and the degree of its sequestration into the tissue.
4. the standpoint of biology the mechanism of handling the chemicals by the body developed response selection pressure.
5. Substances that are not normally present in the body and introduced from outside are referred as xenobiotics convenience.
6. Scientific principles of toxicology are applied medical geology.
7. Elimination is a term used for removal of xenobiotic the organism.
8. Risk assessment is the identification and characterization of the level of risk resulting exposure of hazards including the uncertainties.
Match the words with their definitions.
| 1) xenobiotic | is | a) the process of removal of xenobiotic from the organism |
| 2) absorption | b) a substance involved in metabolism, being either synthesized during metabolism or taken in from the environment | |
| 3) excretion | c) a science dealing with biological mechanisms of toxicity and host defences against toxicity | |
| 4) toxicology | d) the process for xenobiotic to enter the body | |
| 5) metabolite | e) a substance alien to an organism |
State whether each of the following sentences are true or false, if false, explain why.
1. Toxicology has started to develop as an independent science from the moment of virus and microbe discovery.
2. Xenobiotics may be an anthropogenic environmental chemical action.
3. Principles of toxicology are applied to many branches of other sciences.
4. There are three mechanisms by which the body handles the chemicals.
5. Absorption is a terms that indicates the overall accumulation of xenobiotic in a body.
6. The most common opportunity for exposure is contaminated hands.
7. After the circulation in blood the xenobiotic is mixed in it no matter how it has entered the organism.
8. Transformations of xenobiotic in organism may activate the action of xenobiotic by converting the native agent into a metabolite.
Date: 2016-01-14; view: 1058