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A liberty and liberty
‘Here are a great many laws in England.’
‘…. the basis of English law is Magna Carta, the foundation of liberty….A basic document that states the liberties….’
‘While the king was waging a disastrous war in France, the leading barons of England…..’
‘…All merchants shall be able to go out of and come into England safely … except in time of war and if they are of the land at war with us.’
Remember that some nouns may be used as countable or as uncountable nouns depending on their meanings. Materials and abstract concepts are uncountable nouns, but they may be used as countable nouns to express specific meanings.
| Countable noun | Specific meaning | Uncountable noun | General meaning |
| a law | a statute | law | abstract concept |
| an agreement | a document | agreement | abstract concept |
| a crime | an offence | crime | abstract concept illegal activity in general |
| a history | an account | history | abstract concept all history |
| a war | a specific war | war | the general act of war |
| a cloth | A piece of cloth | cloth | construction material |
| a liberty | a particular legal act | liberty | freedom |
| a relief | a payment | relief | abstract concept financial aid |
| a glass | a container | glass | construction material |
| a freedom (of + the) | a certain right | freedom | the state of being free |
| an honour | an occasion | honour | abstract concept all honour |
| a business | a company | business | abstract concept all business transactions |
| a stone | a small rock | stone | construction material |
| a time | a historical period | time | abstract concept all time |
| a democracy | a democratic country | democracy | abstract concept social equality |
| a silence | A specific occasion | silence | abstract concept all silence |
| a decision | an occasion | decision | abstract concept all decision |
| a space | a blank | space | the universe |
| an education | a specific person’s | education | abstract concept all education |
| a pleasure | a specific occasion | pleasure | abstract concept |
| a drink | A glass of alcohol for drinking | drink | an amount of a liquid suitable for drinking |
| a pain | a specific occasion | pain | abstract concept all pain |
| a language | a specific variety | language | abstract concept all languages |
| a fire | an event | fire | material |
| a life | a specific person’s life | life | abstract concept all life |
| a work | an artistic creation | work | employment |
| a light | a lamp | light | the absence of darkness |
| a noise | a specific sound | noise | abstract concept all sounds |
| a paper | a document | paper | construction material |
| a thought | an idea | thought | abstract concept all thoughts |
| a success | an achievement | success | abstract concept all success |
Exercise 2. A. Some of the sentences in this exercise are correct. Some are incorrect. First find the correct sentences and mark them with a check. Then find the incorrect sentences, and correct them.
a. All the rules requiring or prohibiting certain actions are known as law.
b. When first studying a law it is necessary to realize that there are different types of a law.
c. Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or business and criminal law involves the state taking a case against a person because he or she has committed crime.
d. My neighbour is always complaining about a noise.
e. He’s enjoying his newfound freedom.
f. People will resent these restrictions on their liberty.
g. Two of the four freedom spoken of by President Roosvelt in 1941 are freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
h. The president spoke about the freedom embodied in the UN charter.
i. This came about because a lady liked a drink or two.
j. The United States is a democracy.
k. Athens and other city-states of ancient Greece had forms of democracy.
Date: 2016-01-14; view: 1083
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| Exercise 1. Read the following sentences, notice carefully the active words in bold, and translate the sentences into Russian. | | | COMPREHENSION CHECK |