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International crimeAn “international crime” is an act that is defined as criminal under international law. In most instances, this will be done through international agreements, but customary international law also plays a role. Normally, an act will initially be defined as a crime by an international agreement and then, after the agreement has been ratified by a large number of states and generally accepted even by those states who do not become parties, the act may be regarded as a crime under customary international law. If an act is defined as an international crime under customary international law, this creates an international legal obligation to refrain from the commission of the act. The classic example of this process is the 1907 Hague Convention No. IV Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, which the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg explicitly recognized as having become customary international law, at least by 1939. Since the most important goal of these treaties and conventions is to ensure prosecution of the accused, many of the conventions strongly state an obligation either to extradite or to submit the accused for prosecution. Under normal circumstances, it is solely up to the state where an accused is apprehended to decide whether to extradite or prosecute him. To ensure that the prosecution option is realizable, each state party is required to take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offence in cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it decides not to extradite him. Usually, this will require the adoption of legislation. Match the international crimes and their definitions:
Date: 2016-01-14; view: 1290
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