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Check your understanding of the discussed theoretical issues by answering the following questions.1) What does the articulation of sound consist of? 2) What is the phonemic system of a language? 3) Explain the interrelationship between a phonemeand an allophone. 4) Speak on the phoneme as a bundle of features. 5) How can phonemes be discovered? What is a minimal pair? Give examples. 6) Why is the phoneme an abstraction? 7) Speak on the functions of the phoneme. 8) What differences are there between V and C? 9) What criteriaare used for the classificationof the English vowels? 10) What articulatory features of consonants are considered essential from the classificatory point of view? 11) What is connected speech and what is its significance? 12) What are coarticulatory/adjustment phenomena?Give examples. 13) What syllables are typically articulated precisely and what are weakened, shortened, or dropped in connected speech? 14) Speak on the typology of sound adjustmentsin connected speech. 15) What is assimilation? 16) What is the difference between progressive and regressive assimilation? 17) What kind of assimilation affects the alveolar articulation of the [t, d, n] and [l] when they are followed by [θ] or [ð]? 18) What allophone of the phoneme [l]is used within the word health? How does this allophone differ from the principal one? 19) Read and transcribe the words train, trifle. Say what consonant is assimilated in them and what degree of assimilation it is. 20) Can you formulate the principles which determine the pronunciation of the ending –ed,added to regular English verbs from the Past Indefinite tense? Give examples illustrating all the possible cases. 21) Formulate the principles which determine the pronunciation of the ending –s, -z,added to the end of the word to make a noun plural or possessive, or to put a verb in the third person singular form of the present tense. This ending is spelled in several different ways: -s, -es, -‘s, -s’. 22) Suppose your fellow-student pronounces the word medicine as [metsın] and blackboard as ['blægbo:d]. Keeping in mind what you know about voicing and devoicing in English and Russian/Ukrainian tell him what he must do to eliminate the error. 23) What phenomenon is called reduction? 24) Name the sounds which are commonly found in the unstressed syllables? 25) What degrees of reduction do you know? 26) Read the following sentence: ‘I can read it alone.’ What type of reduction is observed in the word can? 27) Transcribe and read the sentence: ‘He is right.’ What type of reduction is found in the word he? 28) Try to remember in what positions the auxiliary and modal verbs are generally stressed in a sentence. 29) In what positions are prepositions generally stressed in a sentence?
PRACTICAL TASKS Fill in the following tables featuring the articulatory classification of the English vowels and consonants (RP). RP VOWELS
Date: 2016-01-14; view: 2377
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Active organ,
place of
obstruction
Type of obstruction, manner of the production of noise