Reduce, fusion, occur, replace, raw materials, electricity, split.

1. Uranium nuclei can be easily … by shooting neutrons at them. 2. Through the steam a turbine can be driven and … is produced. 3. A very big … is that the … for nuclear power uranium, is very radioactive. 4. Man-made nuclear reactions … in the explosion of atomic and hydrogen bombs. 5. Where oil is used for electric power production, nuclear fission can … oil as a fuel. 6. We have done remarkably little to … our dependence on fossil energy. 7. The temperature of the Sun ranges from about 10,000 ⁰C on its surface to 15-18 mln degrees in the interior where … takes place.

Exercise 118. Give definitions for the following terms:

chain reaction, nuclear energy, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, meltdown, fossil energy.

Exercise 119. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. In 1979, the cooling system failed at the Three Mile Island nuclear reaction in Pennsylvania. 2. Fossil energy is generated through the burning of fossil remains. 3. With the help of a generator, a turbine can make electricity. 4. A hydro-electric station makes use of the fall between a lake and a river. 5. Nuclear energy is produced naturally and in man-made operations under human control.

Exercise 120. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive.

1. Presently, nuclear energy provides for approximately 16 % of the world’s electricity. 2. We call energy created in a nuclear reaction nuclear energy. 3. The Sun and other stars produce some nuclear energy naturally. 4. Nuclear power plants provide electricity for many cities. 5. It is possible to produce nuclear energy in two different ways. 6. A hydro-electric station uses the current of the river for producing electricity. 7. The students have learned the topic ‘Alternative Energy Sources’. 8. The United States has stopped nuclear power development. 9. Nuclear fission can replace oil as a fuel. 10. American scientist Enrico Fermi made a chain reaction in a pile of uranium. 11. When did the United States test the first hydrogen bomb? 12. The scientists are investigating nuclear fusion. 13. Ukraine will further develop nuclear power. 14. Illness can strike people years after their exposure to nuclear radiation.

Exercise 121. Fill in the active or passive form of the verbs in the brackets.

1. That energy is the result of nuclear reactions, in which matter (to convert) to energy. 2. Nuclear explosions (to produce) radiation. 3. Oil can (to replace) by coal. 4. Coal and uranium are the only two alternative sources of energy which can (to develop) in large amounts and (to provide) a dependable base load in the near future. 5. Nuclear power development (to stop) in Germany and Sweden. 6. Although considerable progress (to make), coal production and burning still have environmental problems.

Exercise 122. Translate the following words. Mind that the negative prefixes dis-, in-, un-, ir-, mis- give the words an opposite meaning. Use them in your own examples.

in-: inexhaustible, inefficient, invisible;

ir-: irregular, irresponsible, irreplaceable;

un-: unlike, unfavourable, unlimited, unconventional, uncontrollable, unreliable;

dis-: disadvantage, disappear, dislike, disconnect;

mis-: misunderstand, mismanage, miscalculate.

Exercise 123. Identify by suffixes: a) nouns; b) adjectives; c) adverbs; d) verbal forms among the following words. Translate them.

Reaction, mechanism, approximately, reactor, providing, fission, structure, created, atomic, naturally, explosion, fusion, phenomenon, condition, powerful, destructive, required, uranium, version, testing, produced, terrorist, radiation, illness, leading, emission, cooling, fortunately, dangerous, environment, currently.

Exercise 124. Ask:

a) if a nuclear explosion produces radiation;

if coal and oil burning plants pollute the air;

if nuclear reactors have waste disposal problems;

if the Earth has limited supplies of coal and oil;

if nuclear power plants are dangerous.

b) when the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki;

how nuclear wastes are stored;

how nuclear energy is produced;

what advantages fusion reactors have;

where the first major nuclear power plant was constructed.

Exercise 125. Read and translate the following text.

Date: 2016-01-14; view: 924