| Morphological, physiological and tinctorial features of bacillus
| Rod-shaped sporogenic capsular or immobile gram-positive bacteria of genus Bacillus.
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| Which of the bacteria from the genus Bacillus have most value for man?
| Bacillus anthracis
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| Distribution in the nature: the bacteria from the genus Bacillus.
| Agents of diseases of man, animals.
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| Morphological and tinctorial
features of Bacillus anthracis.
| The sporogenic gram-positive nonmotile rods with square ends are arranged in long chains, have capsule or microcapsule.
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| Respiration of Bacillus anthracis.
| Aerobes.
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| Antigens of intestinal stick and their value.
| Somatic O-antigen presented by protein and somatic polysaccharide. Superficial (capsule) K-antigen, presented by polysaccharide capsule and external membrane.
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| Source of infection of anthrax.
| Patient and animals.
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| Factors of pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis
| Polypeptide of capsule, poly-D-glutamic acid of the capsule, toxin are the pathogenicity factors of the B. anthracis.
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| Method of microbiological
diagnosis of anthrax ?
| For diagnosis of athrax are used microscopical, bacteriological, serological method and skin-allergic test.
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| Material, which is taken
from a patient with anthrax?
| Speciment is obtained depend on the disease process and include fluid or pus from local lesion, blood, sputum.
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| Features of blood agar environment and purpose of its application?.
| Nonhemolytic round and grey colonies, have a “cut glass” appearance in transmitted light.
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| What is the patogenesis of the anthrax?
| Humans become infected incidentally by contact with infected animals or their products. In humans, the infection is usually acquired by the entry of spores through injured skin (cutaneous anthrax) or rarely the mucous membranes (gastrointestinal anthrax), or by inhalation of spores into the lung (inhalation anthrax). The spores germinate in the tissue at the site of entry, and growth of the vegetative organisms results in formation of a gelatinous edema and congestion. Bacilli spread via lymphatics to the bloodstream, and they multiply freely in the blood and tissues shortly before and after the animal's death. Anthrax toxin is made up of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). PA binds to specific cell receptors, and following proteolytic activation it forms a membrane channel that mediates entry of EF and LF into the cell. EF is an adenylyl cyclase; with PA it forms a toxin known as edema toxin. LF plus PA form lethal toxin, which is a major virulence factor and cause of death in infected animals. When injected into laboratory animals (eg, rats) the lethal toxin can quickly kill the animals. The anthrax toxin genes are on another plasmid. In inhalation anthrax ("woolsorter's disease"), the spores from the dust of wool, hair, or hides are inhaled, phagocy-tosed in the lungs, and transported by the lymphatic drainage to the mediastinal lymph nodes, where germination occurs, followed by toxin production and the development of hemorrhagic mediastinitis and sepsis, which are usually rapidly fatal. In anthrax sepsis, the number of organisms in the blood exceeds 107/ml just prior to death.
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| Description of immunity for a person, who had suffered from anthrax.
| Cellular delayed type, humoral, antitoxic species specific.
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| Preparations, which are utilised for the prevention of anthrax.
| Anthracis Lived vaccine
Antianthracis gamma-globulin.
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| Treatment of anthrax
| For treatment of athrax are used antibiotics and antianthracis gamma-globulin.
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| Morphological, physiological and tinctorial features of bacillus.
| Rod-shaped sporogenic capsular or immobile gram-positive bacteria of genus Bacillus.
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| Which of the bacteria from the genus Brucellae have most value for man?
| B. melitensis, B. abortus, B.suis, B.ovis, B.canis, B.neotomae
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| Morphological and tinctorial
features of Brucellae.
| The asporogenic, gram-negative, nonmotile, coccobacillar bacteria is.
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| Respiration of Brucellae.
| Aerobes.
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| Antigens of Brucellae and their value.
| Somatic O-antigen presented by protein and somatic polysaccharide, which are deviated on the A and M type. Superficial (capsule) K-antigen, presented by polysaccharide capsule and external membrane.
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| Source of infection of brucellae.
| Animals.
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| Factors of pathogenicity of brucellae
| Polypeptide of capsule, endotoxin.
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| Method of microbiological
diagnostics of brucellosis ?
| For diagnosis of brucellosis are used microscopically, bacteriological, serological method and skin-allergen test.
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| Material, which is taken
from a patient with brucellosis?
| Speciment obtained depend on the disease process and include bioptate from bone marrow, urine, faeces, milk, peaces of organs, blood.
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| What types of serological tests are used for diagnostics of brucellosis?
| PHAT, IFT, ELISA, CFT, AT in the tube (Wrighte’s test) and AT on the glass ( Hedelson’s test).
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| Description of immunity for person, who had suffered from brucellosis.
| Cellular non-sterile delayed type, humoral, species specific.
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| Preparations, which are utilised for the prevention of brucellosis.
| Live brucellosis vaccine
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| Treatment of brucellosis.
| For treatment of brucellosis are used antibiotics and killed brucellosis vaccine.
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