Ex.35 Give the written translation of the text.

General hospitals treat patients with all kinds of medical and surgical needs and are concerned primarily with conditions likely to require treatment lasting for days, or, at most, a few weeks. There is a considerable trend towards day-care surgery in which patients are not detained overnight after their operations. Nearly all medium-size and large hospitals also have out­patient departments covering a wide range of specialties, to which patients are referred by general practitioners (GPs). Most of the patients admitted to the hospital wards for surgical treatment are brought in after being seen at an out-patient clinic. Clinical staff works in out-patient departments as well as in wards: operating theatres, intensive care units, and other departments. Most medium-size hospitals also have an accident and emergency (A&E) or a casualty department and often a maternity department.

Staffing and facilities. General hospitals are staffed by consultants in the various medical, surgical, gynaecological, paediatric, and psychiatric disciplines and by their junior medical and nursing staff. In addition, there is an additional hierarchy on the administrative side concerned with general staff administration, catering, housekeeping, laundry, engineering, accounting, medical records, cleaning, finance, purchasing, stocktaking, and salaries. Clinical departments include a range of diagnostic facilities such as X-ray, computerized axial tomography, and ultrasound scanning, electro diagnostic facilities and pathology laboratories; pharmaceutical services, physiotherapy; social services and suites of operating rooms (theatres) with their ancillary services; for instrument sterilization, changing rooms, and stock rooms.

The largest general hospitals cover a wide range of specialties and usually have, in addition to those mentioned, a premature-baby unit, a psychiatric wing; full facilities for dental and facial surgery, plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery; a radiotherapy unit; MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanning; a renal dialysis unit; organ transplant facilities; an occupatorial therapy department; a physical medicine unit with physiotherapy gymnasium and therapeutic pool; a burns unit; a department of medical physics; and a lithotriptor unit for the noninvasive treatment of kidney stones and gallstones. Some very large general hospitals have a cyclotron for the production of artificial isotopes for PET scanning (position emission tomography).

Projects:

1.Maladies of the 21^st century. Alcohol drinking – alcohol addiction, “drunken” driving, problem of beer drinking, hangover.

2. Maladies of the 21^st century. Drug abusing – reasons why people take drugs, side-effecs of drugs, social issues of a problem.

3. Maladies of the 21^st century. Smoking – why people start smoking, passive smoking, facts about smoking.

4. Maladies of the 21^st century. AIDS.

5. Dieting - for and against. Rational eating habits.

6. First aid.

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 1042