ARCHITECTURAL GLOSSARY

Apse – a semicircular projection in the wall of Christian Church buildings.

Arcade – the chain of arcs, similar in shape and size, leaning on the pillars or columns.

Attic – 1) the wall over the cornice or the storey crowning the building; 2) the room under a steep roof; it may serve as a residence.

Baroque – the architectural style of 16 – 17 centuries remarkable for its decorative splendour and complexity of form.

Bas–relief – a sculptural (low relief) image on a flat surface.

Byzantium Style – stylistic manner of domestic architecture of the middle of 19 – the beginning of 20 century using motifs of ancient Byzantium architectural style; remarkable for its monumentality and structural massiveness.

Caryatid – a column in the in the form of woman figure supporting the projection parts of a building.

Classicism, the Classical Style – the architectural style of 17 the beginning of 19 centuries, developing the traditional of the antiquity and remarkable for its simplicity, harmony and restraint of form.

Cornice – the horizontal lug crowning the walls of the building and supporting the roof.

Console – a projection in the wall for the supporting of various parts of the building (cornice, balcony etc.) or the installation of decorations on it.

Constructivism – the architectural style of 1920 – 1930’s remarkable for its strivings toward simple and functionally justifiable forms.

Counterfort – the vertical lug in the wall, strengthening it and making it stable.

Décor – the art decoration of the building.

Empire – architectural style of the beginning of 19 century, clothing the development of classicism.

Entablature – the upper horizontal part of the building leaning on the columns.

Ercer – a semicircular or polygonal projection in the wall, with windows, usually taking in several stories and enlarging the interior space.

Frieze – decorative horizontal band of sculpture between the architrave and cornice.

Gallery – 1)the long narrow covered passage joining two separated parts of the building; 2) the long narrow covered corridor or the balcony around the facade of the building; 3) an open gallery in a church in the form of balcony.

Gothic – the architectural style of the 12 – 16 centuries remarkable for it’s pronounce lofty aspirations, use of pointed arches and vaults, and abundance of sculptural decoration.

High relief – sculptured images which stand out from a flat surface with a depth of more than half their volume.

Maskaron – the relief detail of the decor in the shape of a mask.

Modern – the architectural style of the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century remarkable for its original décor, free planning and using of new building materials.

Narthex – the entrance room at the west side of a Christian church.

Pediment – the completion (usually triangular ) of the building facade, portico or the colonnade confined by the two pitches of roof on the sides and the cornice at the bottom.

Portico – a porch roof supported by columns at regular intervals.

Propylaeum – columns placed in front of the entrance of a building or other territory and positioned symmetrically in relation to the direction of movement.

Pylon – a support in the form of a massive column.

Renaissance – the architectural style of the 19 – the beginning of 20 centuries imitation the monumental buildings of the Renaissance Epoch (14 – 16 centuries).

Rotunda – a circular edifice (building, pavilion, hall ) usually surrounded by columns and crowned with a dome.

Socle – the lower part of the exterior wall of the building lying directly on the foundation and projection outwards in comparison with the upper part.

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 968