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COMPREHENSION CHECK
Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
1. Horsetails (Sphenophyta) have
a. true leaves b. true stems c. true roots
d. all of the above e. none of the above.
2. Ferns (Pterophyta) have
a. true leaves b. true stems c. true roots
d. all of the above e. none of the above.
3. Angiosperms include
a. grasses b. sedges c. rushes
d. all of the above e. none of the above.
4. Gymnosperms include
a. cycads b. ginkgoes c. conifers
d. all of the above e. none of the above.
2. Give detailed answers to the questions below:
a. When did Sphenophytes appear and how long did they dominate?
b. What is cambium?
c. What do botanists think about pterophytes?
d. How do tree ferns look? Why?
e. What is the dominant stage in the fern’s life cycle?
f. Why do ferns tend to be restricted to moist environments?
g. What groups of plants do Spermopsida include?
h. What plants do: a) gymnosperms and b) angiosperms contain?
i. What are distinctive characteristics of seed ferns and gnetophytes?
j. What parts does a cycad consist of?
k. What do you know about the reproductive system of cycads?
l. What plants were important constituents of the Mesozoic forests?
m. Where are ginkgoes distributed?
n. How does fertilization occur in ginkgophytes?
Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Match the words that are: a) similar and b) opposite in meaning:
| a) | b) | ||
| to account for | crucial | decline | rule |
| width | modern | contemporary | upperside |
| pterophytes | fronds | exception | out-of-date |
| comtemporary | to attain | underside | closed |
| leaves | to explain | not conspicuous | increase |
| to reach | girth | naked | apparent, evident |
| to confine, to restrict | erect | ||
| upright | to limit | ||
| petiole | stalk | ||
| drastic | ferns |
2. Define the following terms:
| cambium | xylem | phloem | gnetophytes | dioecious |
| pinnately compound | zygote | micropyle | pollen tube |
3. Match the first half of a sentence in column A with the appropriate second half in column B:
| A | B |
| 1. Today there are some 25 species left in Sphenophyta | a) all the grasses, sedges, rushes, and other flowering plants. |
| 2. The tree ferns have a woody trunk with leaves (fronds) and sometimes | b) have just one type of spore. |
| 3. The location of the sporangia on each fern | c) cycads, the ginkgoes, conifers and others. |
| 4. Most ferns | d) depends on the species. |
| 5. Gymnosperms include | e) the sporophyte. |
| 6. Angiosperms include | f) about 20 m (65 feet). |
| 7. The dominant stage in the life cycle of the gnetophytes is | g) most of which are relatively small. |
| 8. The tallest cycads reach | h) attain heights of nearly 25 m (82 feet). |
4. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
a. Are, small, most forms, quite, one group, though, is, the exception, the tree ferns.
b. Have, well-developed, ferns, systems, xylem, phlaem, containing, vascular, and.
c. The seed ferns, both, were, and, components, the gnetophytes, important, of Carboniferous forests.
d. Are confined, except, to the tropics, all, those, the cycads, ornamentally, grown.
e. Is carried, the wind, cycad, ovules, naked, to, the, by, pollen.
f. Around the embryo, grow, and, tissues, form, with, a, soft outer, true seed, fleshy layer.
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
Date: 2016-01-03; view: 772
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