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Strong Feminine Nouns

Mimir Icelandic Grammar

by John Tebbutt

Declension of the Definite Article

The Definite Article is used as in English when an adjective precedes the noun:

Hinn sterki hestur - The strong horse.

Hin djúpa á - The deep river.

Hið ríka land - The rich land.

 

Singular

 

M F N

 

N hinn hin hið

A hinn hina hið

D hinum hinni hinu

G hins hinnar hins

 

 

Plural

 

M F N

 

N hinir hinar hin

A hina hinar hin

D hinum hinum hinum

G hinna hinna hinna

 

 

Postpositive Use

The Definite Article follows the noun when:

  • The noun has no adjective, or
  • The adjective follows the noun.

 

Masculine

 

S P

 

N hestur-inn hestar-nir

A hest-inn hesta-na

D hesti-num hestu-num

G hests-ins hesta-nna

 

 

Feminine

 

S P

 

N borg-in borgir-nar

A borg-ina borgir-nar

D borg-inni borgu-num

G borgar-innar borga-nna

 

Neuter

 

S P

 

N skip-ið skip-in

A skip-ið skip-in

D skipi-nu skipu-num

G skips-ins skipa-nna

 

 

Nouns

 

  • Strong Declension
    • Masculine
      • Group 1 (hestur, hattur...)
      • Group 2 (smiður, dalur...)
      • Group 3 (hlutur, staður...)
      • Group 4 (faðir, bróðir...)
    • Feminine
      • Group 1 (kerling, lifur...)
      • Group 2 (tíð, gjöf...)
      • Group 3 (bök, kýr...)
    • Neuter (barn, sumar...)
  • Weak Declension
    • Masculine (tími, afi...)
      • Group 1 (tími, afi...)
      • Group 2 (bóndi, nemandi...)
    • Feminine (tunga, saga...)
      • Group 1 (tunga, amma...)
      • Group 2 (lygi, fræði...)
    • Neuter (auga, hjarta...)

Strong Nouns

Strong Masculine Nouns

Strong Masculine nouns are divided into four groups.

  • Group 1 (hestur, hattur...)
  • Group 2 (smiður, dalur...)
  • Group 3 (hlutur, staður...)
  • Group 4 (faðir, bróðir...)

Group SM1

Genitive Singular -s (-ar), Nominative Plural -ar.

Hestur - horse

S P N hestur hestarA hest hestaD hesti hestumG hests hesta

Stöll - Chair

S P N stóll stólarA stól stólaD stóli stólumG stóls stóla

Group SM2

Genitive Singular -s (-jar), Nominative Plural -ir.

Smiður - smith

S P N smiður smiðirA smið smiðiD smið smiðumG smiðs smiða

Veggur - wall

S P N veggur veggirA vegg veggiD vegg veggjumG veggjar veggja

Group SM3

Genitive Singular -ar, Nominative Plural -ir.

Hlutur - thing

S P N hlutur hlutirA hlut hlutiD hlut hlutumG hlutar hluta

Fjöður - fjord, firth

S P N fjörður firðirA fjörð firðiD firði fjörðumG fjarðar fjarða

Group SM4

Nominative Plural -ur.Only six common words:

  • Faðir - father
  • Bróðir - brother
  • Fötur - foot
  • Fingur - finger
  • Vetur - winter
  • Maður - man

Faðir - father



 S P N faðir feðurA föður feðurD föður feðrumG föður(s) feðra

Bróðir - brother

S P N bróðir bræðurA bróður bræðurD bróður bræðrumG bróður(s) bræðra

Fótur - foot

S P N fótur fæturA fót fæturD fæti fótumG fótar fóta

Fingur - finger

S P N fingur fingurA fingur fingurD fingri fingrumG fingurs fingra

Vetur - winter

S P N vetur veturA vetur veturD vetri vetrumG vetrar vetra

Maður - man

S P N maður menn (-ir)A mann mennD manni mönnumG manns manna

Strong Feminine Nouns

Strong Feminine nouns are divided into three groups.

  • Group 1 (kerling, lifur...)
  • Group 2 (tíð, gjöf...)
  • Group 3 (bók, kýr...)

Group SF1

Genitive Singular -ar, (-r), Nominative Plural -ar.

Kerling - old woman

S P N kerling kerlingarA kerlingu kerlingarD kerlingu kerlingumG kerlingar kerlinga

Lifur - liver

S P N lifur lifrarA lifur lifrarD lifur lifrumG lifrar lifra

Group SF2

Genitive Singular -ar, Nominative Plural -ir.

Gjöf - gift

S P N gjöf gjafirA gjöf gjafirD gjöf gjöfumG gjafar gjafa

Verslun - trade

S P N verslun verslanirA verslun verslanirD verslun verslunumG verslunar verslana

Group SF3

Genitive Singular -ar (-ur, r), Nominative Plural -ur (-r).

Möðir - mother

S P N móðir mæðurA móður mæðurD móður mæðrumG móður mæðra

Bök - book

S P N bók bækurA bók bækurD bók bókumG bókar bóka

Date: 2016-01-03; view: 305

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