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Perfect continuous tenses

1. You have already studied the present perfect continuous

 

construction : have + been + present participle

 

We use this tense to talk about a continuous action that starts sometime in the past and continues to the present.

eg. They have been waitingfor ten minutes.

I’m really tired because I have been playingfootball all afternoon.

 

The past perfect continuous

 

construction : had + been + present participle

 

This tense is used in the past in the same way as the present perfect

continuous is used for the present.

eg. They had been waitingten minutes when the bus finally arrived.

I had been lookingfor a job for 6 months when I finally found that job

at MacDonald’s.

NB. Remember, we always use past perfect tenses with another action in the past.

exercise

Finish these sentences using the past perfect continuous.

1. The streets were wet because it had been raining.

2. I was very late and my friend had been waiting for an hour when I arrived.

3. He was sacked because he had been stealing money from his company.

4. They had been going out/had been living together for a month when they got married.

 

Unit 9

Answer these questions using the past perfect continuous.

Q. How long had you been studying English before you came to this school ?

A.I had been studying English for about 2 years before I came to this school.

 

Q. How did you come to school today ?

A.I came to school by bus today.

 

Q. How long had you been waiting when your bus/train arrived ?

A.I had been waiting for about 10 minutes when my bus arrived.

 

Q. How long had you been looking for a school when you found this one ?

A.I had been looking for a school for 2 weeks when I found this one.

 

3. the future perfect continuous

Construction : will + have + been + verb + ing

 

We use this tense for an action that continues until a time in the future.

We use the future perfect continuouswith time expressions such as whenor by the time + clause.

eg. I’ve been here since 9 o’clock so I will have been workingfor 8 hours by the timeI leave tonight.

 

exercise

Give some information using the future perfect continuous.

1. My son is getting a lot of good experience at the factory, he will have been working there for a year by the end of September.

2. My grandmother will have been waiting for her operation for two years when she finally goes into hospital next week.

3. I hope he is not tired, he will have been working for ten hours by the time he arrives.

 

Q. How long will you have been studying at this school when your course finally finishes ?

A.I will have been studying at this school for 2 years when my course finally finishes.

 

Q. My sister has been working in Japan for 11 months, so how long will she have been working there by this time next month ?

A.She will have been working there for 1 year by this time next month.



 

v. to spoiladj. spoiltn. appetite

spoilt

spoilt

 

If you spoilsomething you make it unsatisfying or unsuccessful.

eg. The argument between Glen and Paul spoiltthe party.

Spoiltchildren are selfish and impatient because their parents give them

everything they want.

 

Q. Have you ever spoilt a meal by putting too much salt on it ?

A.Yes, I have spoilt a meal by putting too much salt on it.

 

Q. What kind of things can spoil a :

a. picnic ?

A.Bad weather can spoil a picnic.

b. holiday ?

A.Bad service at a hotel can spoil a holiday.

c. party ?

A.A fight can spoil a party.

 

Q. Do you think rich children are more likely to be spoilt than ordinary ones ?

A.Yes, I think rich children are more likely to be spoilt than ordinary ones.

 

Q. Do you usually have a big appetite or a small one ?

A.I usually have a big appetite.

 

Q. What kind of things can you eat between meals without spoiling your appetite ?

A.I think you can eat fruit between meals without spoiling your appetite.

 

Unit 9

adj. maturen./adj. grown-upv. to sulk

adj. immatureadj. childish

A matureor grown-upperson always behaves like an adult.

An immatureor childishperson behaves like a child sometimes.

To sulkmeans to behave like an angry child because you can’t get what you want.

 

Q. Give me a synonym for adult.

A.Grown-up is a synonym for adult.

 

Q. What kind of things do children ask grown-ups to help them with?

A.Children ask grown-ups to help them with their homework.

 

Q. Do you think sulking is immature ?

A.Yes, I think sulking is immature.

 

Q. Do grown-ups ever sulk ?

A.Yes, grown-ups sometimes sulk.

 

Q. Do you ever sulk when you lose an argument ?

A.No, I never sulk when I lose an argument.

 

Q. Do you think that teenage girls are more mature than teenage boys ?

A.Yes, I think that teenage girls are more mature than teenage boys.

 

phr v. to fall outwith someone phr v. to make upwith someone

 

Q. Have you ever fallen out with a good friend ?

A.No, I've never fallen out with a good friend.

 

Q. Do children often fall out with each other and then make up again?

A.Yes, children often fall out with each other and then make up again.

 

Q. Have you ever helped two friends make up after they had had an argument ?

A.Yes, I've helped two friends make up after they'd had an argument.

 

Q. Have any famous couples fallen out recently ?

A.Yes, Mick Jagger and Jerry Hall have fallen out recently.

 

Q. Have they made up yet ?

A.No, I don't think they've made up yet.

 

v. to serven. service

Q. Who serves food in a restaurant ?

A.Waiters and waitresses serve food in a restaurant.

 

Q. What kind of food is often served with hamburgers ?

A.Chips are often served with hamburgers.

 

Q. If you were unsatisfied with the service in a restaurant who would you complain to ?

A.If I were unsatisfied with the service in a restaurant, I would complain to the manager.

 

Q. What do we mean by:

a. room service ?

A.Room service means food and drinks brought to your hotel room.

b. motorway services ?

A.Motorway services mean places on a motorway where you stop, have a rest and also get something to eat.

 

v. to includeadj. includedadj. including

eg. The price of your hotel room includesbreakfast.

When I went to the USA, I visited a lot of famous places includingDisneyland

and the Grand Canyon.

 

Q. Do prices in supermarkets include tax ?

A.Yes, prices in supermarkets include tax.

 

Q. What is usually included in the price of a package holiday ?

A.Accommodation and travel are usually included in the price of a package holiday.

 

Q. Are batteries usually included when you buy children’s toys ?

A.No, batteries aren't usually included when you buy children’s toys.

 

adv. immediately

If you do something immediately, you do it without delay.

 

Q. When you go to bed, do you always fall asleep immediately ?

A.No, when I go to bed, I don't always fall asleep immediately.

 

Q. When you wake up in the morning do you get out of bed immediately ?

A.No, when I wake up in the morning, I don't get out of bed immediately.

 

Q. Have you ever done something then immediately wished you hadn’t ?

A.Yes, I kissed my best friend's girlfriend last week.

 

Unit 9

expr. as soon as

As soon asis an expression we use to link two clauses together.

It means ‘immediately after’ or ‘without delay’.

 

Q. Do you always pay bills as soon as you get them ?

A.No, I don't always pay bills as soon as I get them.

 

Q. Tell me something you would like to do as soon as possible ?

A.I'd like to go on holiday as soon as possible.

 

Q. What should you do as soon as you hear a fire alarm ?

A.As soon as you hear a fire alarm, you should look for the nearest exit.

phrasal verbs and expressions with leave

phr v. to leave behind

If you leave something behind, you forget to take it.

 

Q. What kind of things are often left behind on buses and trains ?

A.Umbrellas and wallets are often left behind on buses and trains.

 

Q. What would you do if you left your wallet behind in a restaurant ?

A.If I left my wallet behind in a restaurant, I would phone them and ask them if anyone has found it.

 

to be left behindsometimes means to be slower or less able than someone else.

 

Q. Were there any classes at school where you were left behind by the other students ?

A.No, there weren't classes at school where I was left behind by the other students.

 

Q. What should a student do at this school if they are being left behind by the rest of the class ?

A.If a student is being left behind by the rest of the class, they should change their level.

 

phr v. to leave outexpr. to feel left out

When someone or something is left out, it is not included.

 

Q. If you were planning a trip around the world, which countries would you include and which would you leave out ?

A.If I were planning a trip around the world, I would include Brazil, China and Italy and leave out France, Australia and Argentina.

 

Q. If all your friends had a party and didn’t invite you, would you feel left out ?

A.If all your friends had a party and didn’t invite me, I would feel left out.

 

expr. to leave(something/someone) alonen. company

If someone is in a bad mood it is better to leavethem alone.

 

Q. What do people want when they are feeling lonely ?

A.People want company when they're feeling lonely.

 

Q. If you were feeling depressed, would you prefer to have some company or to be left alone ?

A.If I were feeling depressed, I would prefer to have some company.

 

Q. What about if you were in a bad mood ?

A.If I were in a bad mood, I would prefer to be left alone.

 

Q. In what kind of situation do people like to have company ?

A.People like to have company when they go to the pub.

 

adj. leftexpr. to be left(over) n. leftovers

If something is left, it is not used.

If you make too much food for dinner, the extra food is left over.

 

Q. If you make 10 cakes and 7 are eaten, how many are left ?

A.If you make 10 cakes and 7 are eaten, 3 are left.

 

Q. If you go on holiday abroad, do you usually have some foreign currency left over afterwards ?

A. Yes, if I go on holiday abroad, I usually have some foreign currency left over afterwards.

 

Q. Is there usually food left over from a dinner party ?

A.Yes, there is usually food left over from a dinner party.

 

Q. Do you usually throw away leftover food ?

A.Yes, I usually throw away leftover food.

 


Unit 10

Unit 10

other another, (the) otherand the others

We can use these words before a noun or instead of a noun (ie. as a pronoun).

 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 909


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