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Self-study assignment 1 in Theoretical Phonetics

English Phonetics Department

Natalia Ostapenko

Group 301

Self-study assignment 1 in Theoretical Phonetics

(Variant 16)

Task 1. Provide some evidence to substantiate the significance of Phonetics as a linguistic science, its importance in the foreign language learning process. Do it in writing.

 

Phonetics as a branch of linguistics studies sounds in the broad sense, comprising segmental sounds (vowels and consonants) and prosodic phenomena (pitch, stress, tempo, rhythm, pauses). Phonetics occupies itself with the study of the ways in which the sounds are organized into a system of units and the variation of the units in all types and styles of spoken language. It also studies the acoustic properties of sounds, the physiological basis of sound production and the sound phenomena that reveals the individual peculiarities of the speaker.

Thus the sound medium has a special science all to itself because of the exclusive importance of oral speech as compared with the written speech. Oral speech is primary, whereas written speech is secondary (it is constructed on the basis of oral speech). Besides, further development of such technical means as telephone, radio, recording machines etc. cannot be used without phonetics.

Phonetics as a science is a branch of linguistics. It is closely connected with other linguistic sciences such as grammar, lexicology, stylistics and the history of the language.

Thus we can say that studying phonetics is really important if a person wants to speak a foreign language. First of all we study a foreign language to be able to speak it, to understand native speakers and be understood by them. Phonetics makes our pronunciation understandable, thus it proves its importance.

 

Task 2. Listen to the text (Fragment 16). Write it down. Find the examples of allophonic differences of: /l, r/ preceded by /p, t, k/. give written explanations of the phenomenon. Supply the illustration of allophonic differences of /j, w/ preceded by /p, t, k/ with your own examples.

Suddenly the door flew open and in walked a strange little man with a long ginger beard. “What will you give me”, said the man, “if I spin this straw into gold for you by the morning?” “I will give you my necklace”, said the girl. The little man took the necklace and strayed away started spinning. He worked all night until just as the sun rose he finished. Before the miller’s daughter could thank him he’d vanished. The King was surprised and pleased to see all the gold. But this only made him more greedy. He let the girl into a second room, larger than the first one. It, too, was full of straw. Again the king told the girl to spin all the straw into gold by the morning, or she must die. Once more the girl began to cry. And no sooner had she begun than the door flew open and in walked that strange man again

 

Task 3. Sort out the oppositions under the following headings: (a) occlusive vs. constrictive; (b) constrictive vs. occlusive-constrictive; (c) noise vs. sonorant. Explain your choice in writing.



(a) pine – fine (b) fare – chair (c) thine – wine

bee – thee work – jerk vain – lane

tick – thick came – lame

came – lame bring – ring

bring – ring

 

In the English language all the consonants can be classified onto different types. According to the types of obstruction they can be occlusive /p, b, m, t, d, n, k, g, ŋ/, constrictive /w, f, v, ð , θ , s, z, ∫ , , l, r, j, h/, occlusive-constrictive /t∫, d , /. According to the prevalence of noise over the musical tone – noise /p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, ð, θ, s, z, ∫, , h/ and sonorant /w, l, r, j/. They are also classified according to the articulatory organ (labial, lingual, pharyngeal), the work of vocal cords (voiced and voiceless), the position of the soft palate (oral or nasal), the force of articulation (lenis and fortis). According to this classification the provided oppositions are sorted out.


Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1761


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