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International Bodies and Agreements
International Bodies and Agreements European Union (EU), formerly called the European Communities, is the collective name of three organizations—the European Economic Community, or Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community. A merger of the communities' executives went into effect on July 1, 1967. The permanent structure consists of a Council of Ministers, a Commission, a European Parliament, and a Court of Justice. Beginning after 1992, the communities aimed to integrate their economies, coordinate social development, and ultimately bring about political union. The full members are Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, and Sweden. Many nations in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific are affiliated with the EU but are not full members. The Role of Government International Bodies and Agreements Development banks, such as the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or World Bank, help with economic and social development in various regions. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was both an organization and a set of agreements. The purpose of GATT was to get rid of quotas and to lower tariffs. GATT was started in 1947 as a temporary arrangement. It persisted through eight rounds of trade talks, however, until it was finally replaced by the World Trade Organization. Negotiators met periodically to set rules and discuss lowering trade barriers. International Bodies and Agreements World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was formed in 1995 as a multilateral organization to monitor trade and resolve disputes. In addition to negotiating new agreements it was charged with enforcing the provisions established by GATT. There are also United States government agencies that help promote United States exports to pay for imports and to create jobs for American workers. (From: Britannica Student Encyclopedia from Encyclopedia Britannica 2004 Children's Edition. 1994-2003) Exercises: 1. Explain the italicized grammar phenomena. 2. Give the summary of the text. 3. Define the notions in bold. 4. Do you agree with the underlined statement? 5. Ask problem questions. Read thetextbelow, translate it and learn the new words:
Text 3 Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1239
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