Kazakhstan economy features

Kazakhstan government overview

Kazakhstan has a hybrid system of government that combines aspects of both parliamentary and presidential systems.

The principle of independence and the political system were formulated in the first Constitution of Kazakhstan of January 1993, which was approved by referendum on 30 August 1995.

Kazakhstan government features

Kazakhstan has a parliamentary system with a president as head of the State. Kazakhstan last presidential election was in January 2006 for a seven-year term. Kazakhstan president serves as commander-in-chief, sets foreign policy, can initiate legislation, and appoints Kazakhstan prime minister, subject to Parliamentary approval.

Kazakhstan parliament is the supreme legislative body and consists of two chambers, the Senate (Upper House) and the Mazhilis (Lower House). The 47 members of Kazakhstan Senate are indirectly elected representatives of regional assemblies and appointees of Kazakhstan president. The Mazhilis is composed of 67 elected deputies. Kazakhstan parliament is elected for a four-year term.

Kazakhstan prime minister is the head of the executive branch of government and is appointed by Kazakhstan president, with the approval of Kazakhstan parliament. He chairs the Cabinet, which, as of January 2006, consists of three Deputy Prime Ministers, the Ministers of the 14 State Ministries and the 5 Chairmen of the State Agencies.

The heads of the local administrations (Akims of 14 oblasts and 2 cities) are appointed by Kazakhstan president. Since December 1997, the capital of Kazakhstan has been Astana. From 1929 to 1997 the capital of Kazakhstan was the city of Almaty, founded in 1854.

Kazakhstan economy features

Kazakhstan is fairly rich in minerals and raw materials. Kazakhstan is able to meet its needs for mineral resources and also to export certain volumes of various raw materials and products thereof.

Kazakhstan economy workforce is estimated to be 7,4 million people. The general education and scientific level of the workforce is rather high. One worker in ten has a higher education.

Kazakhstan has got a rather great productive potential. Kazakhstan economy industry accounts for 42.2 per cent of all fixed production assets; agriculture accounts for 26.1 per cent; construction accounts for 4.5 per cent; and transport and communications account for 21.1 per cent.

The share of raw-material branches of Kazakhstan economy industry, integrated into the industrial and production funds, amounts to 66.7 per cent; in machine-building it amounts to 11.9 per cent; in light industry and the food-processing industry this share amounts to 3.2 and 4.5 per cent, respectively. The active part (machines, equipment, transmitting devices) accounts for 43 per cent of the total volume of fixed production assets.

90 out of the 105 elements in the periodic table occur in Kazakhstan. 70 of them have been explored and prospected, and 60 elements are now being used in manufacturing processes.

Kazakhstan has got large deposits of copper, zinc, rare-earth metals, coal, iron, silver, gold, bauxite, natural gas and oil. Utilization of this potential began in Kaz Kazakhstan history: Ancient times

Kazakhstan history tells us that even before our era numerous nomadic tribes inhabited what is now Kazakhstan. The historians of antiquity called them the Saka. For many centuries the land of the Saka was the scene of bloody, devastating wars. And many conquerors had encroached on that land.

In 1218, Mongol-Tatar hordes led by Genghiz Khan invaded Kazakhstan. They swept over the Kazakh land with fire and sword. As a result of those aggressive campaigns Kazakhstan, like the entire Central Asian region, was incorporated in the vast empire of the Mongols known in world history as the Golden Horde.

However, the Golden Horde turned out to be an unstable state. Undermined by internecine wars between the feudal lords and the liberation straggle of the conquered peoples, it eventually disintegrated into separate tribal alliances.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1122