Emergency situations.

An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath.

Dangers to life Edit
Many emergencies cause an immediate danger to the life of people involved. This can range from emergencies affecting a single person, such as the entire range of medical emergencies including heart attacks, strokes, cardiac arrest and trauma, to incidents that affect large numbers of people such as natural disasters including tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, mudslides and outbreaks of diseases such as cholera, Ebola, and malaria.

Dangers to health Edit
Some emergencies are not necessarily immediately threatening to life, but might have serious implications for the continued health and well-being of a person or persons (though a health emergency can subsequently escalate to life-threatening).

Dangers to the environment Edit
Some emergencies do not immediately endanger life, health or property, but do affect the natural environment and creatures living within it. Not all agencies consider this a genuine emergency, but it can have far reaching effects on animals and the long term condition of the land. Examples would include forest fires and marine oil spills.

General Emergency – Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or imminent substantial core degradation or melting with potential for loss of containment integrity or hostile action that results in an actual loss of physical control of the facility. Releases can be reasonably expected to exceed EPA PAG exposure levels offsite for more than the immediate site area.

Site Area Emergency (SAE) – Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or likely major failures of plant functions needed for protection of the public or hostile action that results in intentional damage or malicious acts; 1) toward site personnel or equipment that could lead to the likely failure of or; 2) that prevent effective access to, equipment needed for the protection of the public. Any releases are not expected to result in exposure levels which exceed EPA PAG exposure levels beyond the site boundary.

Alert – Events are in progress or have occurred which involve an actual or potential substantial degradation of the level of safety of the plant or a security event that involves probable life threatening risk to site personnel or damage to site equipment because of HOSTILE ACTION. Any releases are expected to be limited to small fractions of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protective action guides (PAGs)

Notification of Unusual Event (NOUE) – Events are in progress or have occurred which indicate a potential degradation of the level of safety of the plant or indicate a security threat to facility protection has been initiated. No releases of radioactive material requiring offsite response or monitoring are expected unless further degradation of safety systems occurs. [Note: This term is sometimes shortened to Unusual Event (UE). The terms Notification of Unusual Event, NOUE and Unusual Event are used interchangeably.]
Purpose: The purpose of this classification is to assure that the first step in future response has been carried out, to bring the operations staff to a state of readiness, and to provide systematic handling of unusual event information and decision-making.

21. Concept of ergonomics, ergonomic bases of Life Safety Basics.

Ergonomics is the science of lifting jobs to people. Ergonomics encompasses the body of knowledge about physical abilities and limitations ,as well as other hum an characteristics ,that are relevant to job design.Ergos=work Nomos=laws (the lawsof work)

Example:

Sitting for too long.

Human bodies are not made to sit for hours and hours. We can't expect to sit for hours and not suffer some sort of physical consequences such as lower lumbar back pain.

Sitting still for hours puts immense pressure on your back - equivalent to a few times of your weight.

Get up and move about every half an hour or so. Also rotate your tasks, such as change mouse hands, schedule meetings in your 'breaks', do some filing etc. The key is to engage your body use in variety of ways (as opposed to typing all day long with a phone stuck to your ear).

23.Benefits of Ergonomics. Examples. Work organization.

Ergonomics is designing a job to fit the worker so the work is safer and more efficient. Implementing ergonomic solutions can make employees more comfortable and increase productivity. Ergonomics is important because when you’re doing a job and your body is stressed by an awkward posture, extreme temperature, or repeated movement your musculoskeletal system is affected. Your body may begin to have symptoms such as fatigue, discomfort, and pain, which can be the first signs of a musculoskeletal disorder.

Benefits of ergonomic

Productivity

Product quality

Safety

Health

Reliability

Job satisfaction

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 2398