A) The subject of theoretical grammar as a linguistic branch. The content of theoretical grammar, its aims and objectives.

1. Subject of theoretical grammar.

The term “grammar” goes back to a Greek word that may be translated as the “art of writing”. But later this word acquired a much wider sense and came to embrace the whole study of language. Now it is often used as the synonym of linguistics. A question comes immediately to mind: what does this study involve?

Grammar may be practical and theoretical. The aim of practicalgrammaris the description of grammar rules that are necessary to understand and formulate sentences. The aim of theoreticalgrammar is to offer explanation for these rules. Generally speaking, theoretical grammar deals with the language as a functional system.

Grammar is one of the main linguistic disciplines which studies the grammatical system of language. The grammatical system is the whole set of regularities determining the combinations of words in the formation of utterances. The nature of grammar is better understood in the light of discriminating the two planes of language – the plane of content and the plane of expression. The plane of content comprises the purely semantic elements contained in language; the plane of expression comprises the material (formal) units of language taken by themselves.

b)Monologue

Comment on the following:

“In the fast changing world of the early 21st century public education is also changing. As part of the changes the role of schools and education will also be different both in the educational system and in the society. Together with them the role of teachers will also change. ”.

The need of a generation of teachers who aim to develop learners instead of teaching them, who help their pupils to become independent (learning to learn), who provide students with motivation and interest for life-long learning and urge them to become autonomous learners, is essential in the education of the future.

The responsibility of governments, higher education institutions, and mostly teacher educators both in pre-and in-service education, is huge. European Union member states take part in several projects which help us to prepare for taking the responsibility in achieving relevant change.

A)Teaching speaking. Discussion activities.

Now many linguistics and ESL teachers agree on that students learn to speak in the second language by "interacting". Communicative language teaching and collaborative learning serve best for this aim. Communicative language teaching is based on real-life situations that require communication. By using this method in ESL classes, students will have the opportunity of communicating with each other in the target language. In brief, ESL teachers should create a classroom environment where students have real-life communication, authentic activities, and meaningful tasks that promote oral language. This can occur when students collaborate in groups to achieve a goal or to complete a task.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 2708