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What were the prisoners doing?a. They were trying to escape. b. They were smashing the shop-windows. c. They were fighting.
Why couldn’t the cars move? a. It was too dark in the streets. b. The traffic signals were not working. c. It was a heavy traffic jam.
Why did the trouble begin? a. The trouble began because the hydroelectric generator at Niagara broke down. b. The trouble began because the city was flooded with water. c. The trouble began because the power station was damaged in the earthquake. Exercise 3. Read and translate the following expressions:
the design of a range of related devices; distribution of electricity; the design and maintenance of the power grid; a diverse range of dynamic systems; commercial airliners; cruise control; an important role in industrial automation Exercise 4. Read the following text and answer the questions given below: Power Power engineering deals with the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as well as the design of a range of related devices. These include transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high voltage engineering and power electronics. In many regions of the world, governments maintain an electrical network called a power grid that connects a variety of generators together with users of their energy. Users purchase electrical energy from the grid, avoiding the costly exercise of having to generate their own. Power engineers may work on the design and maintenance of the power grid as well as the power systems that connect to it. Such systems are called "on-grid" power systems and may supply the grid with additional power, draw power from the grid or do both. Power engineers may also work on systems that do not connect to the grid, called "off-grid" power systems, which in some cases are preferable to on-grid systems. The future includes Satellite controlled power systems, with feedback in real time to prevent power surges and prevent blackouts. Questions:
Exercise 5. Read the following text and make up 6 questions to it and answer them in English:
Control Control engineering focuses on the modeling of a diverse range of dynamic systems and the design of controllers that will cause these systems to behave in the desired manner. To implement such controllers electrical engineers may use electrical circuits, digital signal processors, microcontrollers and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). Control engineering has a wide range of applications from the flight and propulsion systems of commercial airliners to the cruise control present in many modern automobiles. It also plays an important role in industrial automation. Control engineers often utilize feedback when designing control systems. For example, in an automobile with cruise control the vehicle's speed is continuously monitored and fed back to the system which adjusts the motor's power output accordingly. Where there is regular feedback, control theory can be used to determine how the system responds to such feedback.
Exercise 6. Look through the following table and fill in the missing parts of the text given below:
Parts of the text from the table: A. – It is free. No waste or greenhouse gases produced. B. – Produces greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants when burnt. C. – Source not available at night. Can be an unreliable source of energy unless in a country with a hot climate. D. – Limited sites available. Hazardous gases can be released from underground sites which require safe disposal. E. – Easily converted to energy. Relatively easy to extract. Can be easily transported (pipelines, super-tankers) F. – Water stored in a large volume in a reservoir behind a dam. The potential energy of the water can be transferred to kinetic energy in the turbines. G. – The most common form of this fuel is Uranium. Uranium is a common metal found in rocks all over the world. However, the particular form of Uranium best suited as a nuclear fuel is Uranium – 235 and this is very rare. Uranium – 235 is extracted via mining and then processed to make it usable as a fuel. H. – Is a renewable source as long as plant and trees are replaced. Cheap and easily available source of fuel. I. – It is a fossil fuel. Its formation is similar to that for petroleum; however the conversion of the fossilized remains of the dead plants and animals to gas occurs at deeper depths in the Earths crust where the pressure and heat is greater. It is extracted in a similar way to petroleum by drilling holes and sinking pipes into the gas reservoirs, the gas travels to its surface under its own pressure J. – Small amounts of fuel produce a large amount of energy. Does not produce atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. Produces small amounts of waste. K. – This is fuel obtained from decaying plant and animal material. Wood is one source as it can be burnt to provide heat energy. Sugar cane can be fermented to produce alcohol which can be used as a fuel. L. – Of all the fossil fuels it has the largest reserves. It is relatively easy and inexpensive to extract.
Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1207
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